The Puritan Roots of American Universalism

¹ Tkeolojp in A merica: The Major Protestant Voices from Puritanism to Neo-Orthodoxy, ed. Ahlstrom Sydney (New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc., 1967), p. 27.

² White Eugene E., Puritan Rhetoric: The Issue of Emotion in Religion (Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1972), p. 10.

³ Ibid., p. 12.

⁴ White, op. cit., pp. 23–24.

⁵ Kuklick Bruce, Churchmen and Philosophers: From Jonathan Edwards to John Dewey (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), p. 8.

⁶ Kuklick, op. cit., p. 9.

⁷ Miller Perry, Errand Into the Wilderness, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), p. 11.

⁸ Kuklick, op. cit. p. 12.

⁹ White, op. cit., p. 39.

¹⁰ Ibid., p. 37.

¹¹ Ibid., p. 34.

¹² Kuklick, op. cit., p. 13.

¹³ Edwards Jonathan, ‘A Narrative of Surprising Conversions’, The Select Works of Jonathan Edwards (London: Banner of Truth Trusi, 1958), 1, 9.

¹⁴ Kuklick, op. cit., pp. 22–23.

¹⁵ Edwards Jonathan, The Works of President Edwards (New York: G. & C. & H. Carvill, 1830), 1, 30, as quoted in Edwards Rem B., A Return to Moral and Religious Philosophy in Early America (Washington: University Press of America, Inc., 1982), p. 2.

¹⁸ Kuklick, op. cit., p. 17.

¹⁷ Edwards Jonathan, ‘The Mind’, Scientific and Philosophical Writings, ed. Anderson Wallace E. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980), p. 344.

¹⁸ Ibid., p. 375.

¹⁹ White, op. cit., p. 177.

²⁰ Edwards Jonathan, ‘Qualifications for Full Communion’, The Works of President Edwards (New York: Leavitt & Allen, 1856), 1, 90.

²¹ Edwards Jonathan, ‘Distinguishing Marks’, as quoted in White, Puritan Rhetoric, p. 96.

²² Edwards Jonathan, Works, I, p. 15.

²³ Ibid.

²⁴ Edwards Jonathan, ‘Future Punishment’, as quoted in White, Puritan Rhetoric, p. 177.

²⁵ Haroutunian Joseph, Piety Versus Morality: The Passing of the New England Theology (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1932), p. xxi.

²⁶ Rudisill Dorus Paul, The Doctrine of the Atonement in Jonathan Edwards and his Successors (New York: Poseidon Books, Inc., 1971), p 20.

²⁷ Ibid., p. 9.

²⁸ Ibid., p. 26.

²⁹ Ibid., p. 130.

³⁰ Kuklick, op. cit., p. 61

³¹ Rudisill, op. cit., pp. 44–45.

³² May Henry F., The Enlightenment in America (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1976), p. 60.

³³ Rudisill, op. cit., pp. 118–119.

³⁴ Foster R. H., ‘The Eschatology of the New England Divines’, as quoted in Allen Joseph and Eddy Richard, A History of the Unitarians and the Universalists in the United States (New York: the Christian Literature Co., 1894), p. 397.

³⁵ Park Edwards A., The Atonement Discourses and Treatises by Edwards, Smalley, Maxey, Emmons, Griffin Borge, and Weeks, With an Introductory Essay by Edwards A. Park (Boston: Congregational Board of Publishers, 1859), as quoted in Rudisill, The Doctrine of Atonement, p. 40–41.

³⁶ Frank Douglas, Less Than Conquerors: How Evangelicals Entered the Twentieth Century (Grand Rapids: Eerdman, 1987), pp. 14–15.

³⁷ Allen Joseph H. and Eddy Richard, A History of the Unitarians and the Universalists in the United States (New York: The Christian Literature Company, 1894), pp. 386–387.

³⁸ Eddy Richard, Universalism in America, 1636–1800 (Boston: Universalist Publishing House, 1884), 1, 115.

³⁹ Ibid., p. 125.

⁴⁰ Allen and Eddy , History of Unitarians and Universalists, p. 391.

⁴¹ Ibid., pp. 392–93.

⁴² Ibid., p. 422.

⁴³ Eddy , Universalism in America, p. 223.

⁴⁴ Eddy and Allen , History of Unitarianism and Universalism, p. 356.

⁴⁵ Eddy , Universalism in America, p. 223.

⁴⁶ Eddy and Allen , History of Unilarianism and Universalism, p. 253.

⁴⁷ Ibid., p. 411.

⁴⁸ Eddy , Universalism in America, p. 309.

⁴⁹ Ibid., pp. 353–54.

⁵⁰ Eddy and Allen , History of Unilarianism and Universalism, p. 436.