Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T15:38:31.764Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Emotional Dependency and Dysfunctional Relationship Beliefs as Predictors of Married Turkish Individuals’ Relationship Satisfaction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2016

Gülşah Kemer*
Affiliation:
Old Dominion University (USA)
Evrim Çetinkaya Yıldız
Affiliation:
Erciyes University (Turkey)
Gökçe Bulgan
Affiliation:
MEF University (Turkey)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Gülşah Kemer. Assistant Professor. Counseling and Human Services. Darden School of Education. Old Dominion University. 110. Education Building. 23529. Norfolk (USA). Phone: +1–7576833225. E-mail: gkemer@odu.edu

Abstract

In this study, we examined married individuals’ relationship satisfaction in relation to their emotional dependency and dysfunctional relationship beliefs. Our participants consisted of 203 female and 181 male, a total of 384 married individuals from urban cities of Turkey. Controlling the effects of gender and length of marriage, we performed a hierarchical regression analysis. Results revealed that married Turkish individuals’ relationship satisfaction was significantly explained by their emotional dependency (sr2 = .300, p < .001), and perceptions of interpersonal rejection (sr2 = .075, p < .001) and unrealistic relationship expectations (sr2 = .028, p < .001). However, interpersonal misperception did not make a significant contribution to the participants’ relationship satisfaction (p > .05). When compared to perceptions of interpersonal rejection and unrealistic relationship expectations, emotional dependency had the largest role in explaining participants’ satisfaction with their marriages. We discuss the results in light of current literature as well as cultural relevance. We also provide implications for future research and mental health practices.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antonucci, T. C., & Akiyama, H. (1987). An examination of sex differences in social support among older men and women. Sex Roles, 17, 737749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00287685 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baucom, D. H., Epstein, N., Sayers, S. L., & Sher, T. G. (1989). The role of cognition in marital relationships: Definitional, methodological, and conceptual issues. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.57.1.31 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. (1976). Cognitive therapy and emotional disorder. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bornstein, R. F. (2005). Dependency across the life span. In Bornstein, R. F. (Ed.), The dependent patient: A practitioner’s guide (pp. 3955). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornstein, R. F., & Languirand, M. A. (2003). Healthy dependency: Leaning on others without losing yourself. New York, NY: Newmarket Press.Google Scholar
Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1988). Individual difference variables in close relationships: A contextual model of marriage as an integrative framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 713721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.713 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buunk, P. B. (1981). Jealousy in sexually open marriages. Alternative Lifestyles, 4, 357372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257944 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caughlin, J. P., Huston, T. L., & Houts, R. M. (2000). How does personality matter in marriage? An examination of trait anxiety, interpersonal negativity, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 326336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.326 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. (2 nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Curun, F. (2001). The effects of sexism and sex role orientation on relationship satisfaction. (Unpublished Master’s thesis). Midde East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.Google Scholar
Demir, A., & Fışıloğlu, H. (1999). Loneliness and marital adjustment of Turkish couples. The Journal of Psychology, 133, 230240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223989909599736 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 13271343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1327 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dryden, W. (1985). Marital therapy: The rational emotive approach. In Dryden, W. (Ed.), Marital therapy in Britain (pp. 195221). London, UK: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1955). New approaches to psychotherapy techniques. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11, 207260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(195507)11:3%3C207::AID-JCLP2270110302%3E3.0.CO;2-1 3.0.CO;2-1>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, A., & Dryden, W. (1987). The practice of rational–emotive therapy (2 nd Ed.). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Ellis, A., Sichel, J., Yeager, R., DiMattia, D., & DiGuiseppe, R. (1989). Rational emotive couples therapy. New York, NY: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Epstein, N. (1986). Cognitive marital therapy: Multi-level assessment and intervention. Journal of Rational-Emotive Therapy, 4, 6881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073481 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feeney, B. C. (2007). The dependency paradox in close relationships: Accepting dependence promotes independence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 92, 268285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.268 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodwin, R., & Gaines, S. O Jr.. (2004). Relationship beliefs and relationship quality across cultures: Country as a moderator of dysfunctional beliefs and relationship quality in three former Communist societies. Personal Relationships, 11, 267279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00082.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guerrero, L. K., Anderson, P. A., & Afifi, W. A. (2011). Close encounters: Communication in relationships (3 rd Ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Güven, N., & Sevim, S. A. (2007). İlişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve algılanan problem çözme becerilerinin evlilik doyumunu yordama gücü [The prediction power of interpersonal cognitive distortions and the perceived marital problem solving skills for marital satisfaction]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3, 4961.Google Scholar
Hamamcı, Z. (2005). Dysfunctional beliefs in marital satisfaction and adjustment. Social Behavior and Personality, 33, 313328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.4.313 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamamcı, Z., & Büyüköztürk, S. (2004). The interpersonal cognitive distortions scale: Development and psychometric characteristics. Psychological Reports, 95(1), 291303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaton, T. B., & Blake, A. M. (1999). Gender differences in determinants of marital disruption. Journal of Family Issues, 20(1), 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251399020001002 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hendrick, S. S., Dicke, A., & Hendrick, C. (1988). The relationship assessment scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(1), 137142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407598151009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hindy, C. G., Schwarz, J. C., & Brodsky, A. (1989). If this is love then why do I feel so insecure? New York, NY: Atlantic Monthly Press.Google Scholar
Karakurt, G. (2001). The impact of adult attachment styles on romantic jealousy. (Unpublished Master’s thesis). Midde East Technical University, Ankara, Turkia.Google Scholar
Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1997). Neuroticism, marital interaction, and the trajectory of marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 10751092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.5.1075 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, H. H. (1979). Personal relationships: Their structure and processes. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Levinger, G. (1976). A social psychological perspective on marital dissolution. Journal of Social Issues, 32, 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1976.tb02478.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lockhart, L. L., White, B. W., Causby, V., & Isaac, A. (1994). Letting out the secret: Violence in lesbian relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9, 469492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088626094009004003 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metts, S., & Cupach, W. R. (1990). The influence of relationship beliefs and problem-solving responses on satisfaction in romantic relationships. Human Communication Research, 17, 170185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moller, A. T., & van der Merwe, J. D. (1997). Irrational beliefs, interpersonal perception, and marital adjustment. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 15, 269279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025089809243 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peele, S. (1988). Fools for love. In Sternberg, R. J. & Barnes, M. L. (Eds.), The psychology of love (pp. 159188). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Rubin, Z. (1970). Measurement of romantic love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 265273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0029841 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 101117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.101 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., & Buunk, B. P. (1993). Commitment processes in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 175204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026540759301000202 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., & Verette, J. (1994). The investment model: An interdependence analysis of commitment processes and relationship maintenance phenomena. In Canary, D. & Stafford, L. (Eds.), Communication and relational maintenance (pp. 115139). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Martz, J. M., & Agnew, C. R. (1998). The investment model scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samenow, S. E. (1995). Violence and its treatment in the family. The Illinois Family Therapist, 16, 2.Google Scholar
Sığırcı, A. (2010). Investigation of the relationship between attachment styles, relationship beliefs and marital satisfaction in married individuals. (Unpublished Master’s thesis). İnönü University, Malatya.Google Scholar
Stackert, R. A., & Bursik, K. (2003). Why am I unsatisfied? Adult attachment style, gendered irrational relationship beliefs, and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 14191429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00124-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, J. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (4 th Ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Sullivan, B. F., & Schwebel, A. I. (1995). The relationships beliefs and expectations of satisfaction in marital relationships. Journal of Family Therapy, 3, 298305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480795034003 Google Scholar
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5 th Ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar
Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Wendorf, C. A., Lucas, T., İmamoğlu, E. O., Weisfeld, C. C., & Weisfeld, G. E. (2011). Marital satisfaction across three cultures: Does the number of children have an impact after accounting for other marital demographics? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 340354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022110362637 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zainah, A. Z., Nasir, R., Hashim, R. S., & Yusof, N. M. (2012). Effects of demographic variables on marital satisfaction. Asian Social Science, 8, 4649. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n9p46 Google Scholar