Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T00:42:23.962Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘I, Too, am a Christian’: Early Martyrs and their Lives in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Irish Manuscript Tradition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Salvador Ryan*
Affiliation:
St Patrick’s College, Maynooth

Extract

Veneration of the martyrs as powerful intercessors and exemplars of Christ-like fortitude is one of the earliest and most powerful manifestations of Christian religious practice. Not only were martyrs thought to be assured of salvation, but the blood which they shed was conceived by Tertullian as ‘seed’ for the upbuilding of the Christian Church. As legends of their lives and, more importantly, the manner of their deaths developed over time, martyrs would also function as valuable instructors in the essentials of the Christian life, their speeches before death often assuming a sermon-like quality. By the fifth century recourse to the relics of martyrs was also already well established. The cult of the martyrs would have a long future.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 McGuckin, John Anthony, ‘Martyr Devotion in the Alexandrian School: Origen to Athanasius’, in Wood, Diana, ed., Martyrs and Martyrologies, SCH 30 (Oxford, 1993), 35–45 Google Scholar, at 45.

2 Leabhar Chlainne Suibhne: An Account of the Mac Sweeney families in Ireland with Pedigrees, ed. Walsh, P. (Dublin, 1920), xlviGoogle Scholar. For an edition of this life, see ‘Betha ocus bás Chaitreach Fina’, ed. Gearóid Mac Niocaill, Éigse 8 (1956–7), 231–6.

3 de Voragine, Jacobus, The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints, trans. Ryan, William Granger, 2 vols (Princeton, NJ, 1993), 2: 339.Google Scholar

4 Waters, Claire M., Virgins and Scholars: A Fifteenth-Century Compilation of the Lives of John the Baptist, John the Evangelist, Jerome and Katherine of Alexandria (Turnhout, 2008), 409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Leabhar Chlainne Suiblme, ed. Walsh, xliv-lxiii.

6 Ryan, Salvador, ‘Windows on Late Medieval Devotional Practice: Maire Ni Mháille’s “Book of Piety” (1513) and the World behind the Texts’, in Moss, Rachel, Clabaigh, Coimán Ó and Ryan, Salvador, eds, Art and Devotion in Late Medieval Ireland (Dublin, 2006), 1–15.Google Scholar

7 Concheanainn, Tomás Ó, ‘The Scribe of the Leabhar Breac’, Ériú 24 (1973), 64–79.Google Scholar

8 Jennings, Brendan, Mícheál Ó Cléirigh, Chief of the Four Masters and his Associates (Dublin, 1936), 89.Google Scholar

9 Morton, Brendan, ‘Aspects of Image and Meaning in Irish Medieval Wall Paintings’, in ClabaighMoss, Ó Moss, Ó and Ryan, , eds, Art and Devotion, 51–71, at 64.Google Scholar

10 See Hull, Vernam, ‘Celtic Tears of Blood’, Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 25 (1952), 2261–36.Google Scholar

11 Cartwright, Jane, Feminine Sanctity and Spirituality in Medieval Wales (Cardiff, 2008).Google Scholar

12 The Passions and Homilies from the Leabhar Breac. Text, Translation and Glossary, ed. Atkinson, Robert (Dublin, 1887), 295–9.Google Scholar

13 Ibid. 300.

14 For a discussion of this term, see Ryan, Salvador, ‘Reign of Blood: Aspects of Devotion to the Wounds of Christ in Late Medieval Ireland’, in Augusteijn, Joost and Lyons, Mary Ann, eds, Irish History: A Research Yearbook 1 (Dublin, 2002), 137–49 Google Scholar, at 147–8.

15 McNamara, Martin, The Apocrypha in the Irish Church (Dublin, 1984), 65.Google Scholar

16 Ibid. 65–7.

17 Félire Oengusso Cell Dé I The martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, ed. and trans. Stokes, Whitley, Henry Bradshaw Society 29 (London, 1905).Google Scholar

18 MacConmara, Máirtín, ‘An léann eaglasta ag baile, 1200–1500’, in Mac Conmara, Máirtín, ed., An léann eaglasta in Eirinn, 1200–1900 (Dublin, 1988), 102–38 Google Scholar, at 115; for an Irish version of her life, see Vendryes, J., ‘Betha Iuiliana’, Revue celtique 33 (1912), 312–23.Google Scholar

19 In the version found in the Legenda Aurea it is Juliana and not Christ crucified that the demon invokes.

20 Vendryes, ‘Betha Iuiliana’, 312–23.

21 O’Dwyer, Peter, Towards a History of Irish Spirituality (Dublin, 1995), 135Google Scholar; also Clabaigh, Coimán N. Ó, The Franciscans in Ireland, 1400–1534: From Reform to Reformation (Dublin, 2002).Google Scholar

22 Gillespie, Raymond, ‘Saints and Manuscripts in Sixteenth-Century Breifne’, Breifne 11.44 (2008), 533–56.Google Scholar

23 See Ryan, Salvador, ‘“Wily women of God” in Cavan’s Late Medieval and Early Modern Devotional Collections’, in Scott, Brendan, ed., Culture and Society in Early Modem Breifne I Cavan (Dublin, 2009), 31–47.Google Scholar

24 Jacobus de Voragine, Golden Legend, trans. Ryan, 2: 344.

25 Ibid. 345.

26 Ibid. 346.

27 Ibid. 324.

28 Riain, Pádraig Ó, ed., Four Irish Martyrologies: Drummond, Turin, Cashel, York (London, 2002), 129Google Scholar. I am grateful to Prof. Pádraig Ó Riain and Dr Dagniar O Riain- Raedel for drawing my attention to this reference. See also Ryan, ‘“Wily Women of God’”.

29 The Poems of Blathmac, son of Cú Brettan, ed. James Carney (Dublin, 1964), 87.

30 ‘Christ Church Nailsea with St Quiricus and St Julietta Tickenham’ <www.tickenhamchurch.org.uk>, accessed 13 January 2009. There are also seven recorded dedications to Ciricus in the Database of Dedications to Saints in Medieval Scotland, <http://webdb.ucs.ed.ac.uk/saints/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.searchadhoc>, accessed 20 July 2009.

31 For a useful comparison with the popularity of female martyrs in medieval England, see Duffy, Eamon, ‘Holy Maydens, Holy Wyfes: The Cult of Women Saints in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century England’, in Shiels, W.J. and Wood, Diana, eds, Women in the Church, SCH 27 (Oxford, 1990), 175–96.Google Scholar

32 Harbison, Peter, Pilgrimage in Ireland: The Monuments and the People (London, 1991), 65.Google Scholar

33 For a collection of a variety of evidence concerning St Catherine’s cult, see Spears, Arthur, The Cult of St Catherine of Alexandria in Ireland (Rathmullan, 2006).Google Scholar

34 Laoghaire, Diarmuid O, ‘Beathaí naomh iasachta sa Ghaeilge’ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University College, Dublin, 1967), xxx.Google Scholar

35 Winstead, Karen A., Virgin Martyrs: Legends of Sainthood in Late Medieval England (Ithaca, NY, 1997), 3.Google Scholar