Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T03:57:42.943Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Gravitational lenses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2016

J. N. Hewitt*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239 USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In approximately half the systems currently recognized as strongly gravitationally lensed, the background object is an extragalactic radio source. Radio observations have played an important role in the identification of lensed systems, and the properties of radio sources allow some of the astrophysical applications of lensing to be realized. High redshift galaxies can be studied through lens modeling and by observing more than one ray path through the lens. The morphological, spectral, and polarization information of high resolution radio images provides strong constraints on the mass distribution in the lensing galaxies. On cosmological scales, radio variability has been applied to the time delay measurement of angular diameter distance.

Type
Properties of Radio Sources
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1996 

References

Djorgovski, S., and Spinrad, H., 1984, Ap.J. , 282, L1 (D84).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellithorpe, J. D., Kochanek, C. S., and Hewitt, J. N., 1996, Ap.J. , in press.Google Scholar
Grogin, N., and Narayan, R., 1996, preprint.Google Scholar
Haarsma, D. B., Hewitt, J. N., Lehár, J., and Burke, B. F. 1995, in Proceedings of I.A.U. Symposium #173: Application of Gravitational Lensing (eds. Kochanek, C. S. and Hewitt, J. N.), Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Hewett, P. C., Irwin, M. J., Foltz, B. B., Harding, M. E., Corrigan, R. T., Webster, R. L., and Dinshaw, N., 1994, A.J. , 108, 153 (H94).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewett, P. C., Webster, R. L., Harding, M. E., Jedrzejewski, R. I., Foltz, C. B., Chaffee, F. H., Irwin, M. J., and Le Fèvre, O., 1989, Ap.J. , 346, L61 (H89).Google Scholar
Hewitt, J. N., Turner, E. L., Lawrence, C. R., Schneider, D. P., and Brody, J. P., 1992, Ap.J. , 104, 968 (H92).Google Scholar
Hewitt, J. N., Turner, E. L., Lawrence, C. R., Schneider, D. P., Gunn, J. E., Bennett, C. L., Burke, B. F., Mahoney, J. H., Langston, G. I., Schmidt, M., Oke, J. B., and Hoessel, J. G., 1987, Ap.J. , 321, 706 (H87).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewitt, J. N., Turner, E. L., Schneider, D. P., Burke, B. F., Langston, G. I., and Lawrence, C. R., 1988, Nature , 333, 537 (H88).Google Scholar
Huchra, J., Gorenstein, M., Kent, S., Shapiro, I., Smith, G., Horine, E., and Perley, R., 1985, A.J. , 90, 691 (H85).Google Scholar
Jackson, N., de Bruyn, A. G., Myers, S., Bremer, M. N., Miley, G. K., Schilizzi, R. T., Brown, I. W. A., Nair, S., Wilkinson, P. N., Blandford, R. D., Pearson, T. J., and Readhead, A. C. S. 1995, MNRAS , 274, L25 (J95).Google Scholar
Jauncy, D. L., Reynolds, J. E., Tzioumis, A. K., Muxlow, T. W. B., Perley, R. A., Murphy, D. W., Preston, R. A., King, E. A., Patnaik, A. R., Jones, D. L., Meier, D. L., Bird, D. J., Blair, D. G., Bunton, J. D., Clay, R. W., Costa, M. E., Duncan, R. A., Ferris, R. H., Gough, R. G., Hamilton, P. A., Hoard, D. W., Kemball, A., Kesteven, M. J., Lobdell, E. T., Luiten, A. N., McCulloch, P. M., Murray, J. D., Nicolson, G. D., Rao, A. P., Savage, A., Sinclair, M. W., Skjerve, L., Taaffe, L., Wark, R. M., and White, G. L., 1991, Nature , 352, 132 (J92).Google Scholar
Keaton, C. R. II, and Kochanek, C. S. 1995, in Proceedings of I.A.U. Symposium #173: Application of Gravitational Lensing (eds. Kochanek, C. S. and Hewitt, J. N.), Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Kochanek, C. S., 1995, Ap.J. , 445, 559.Google Scholar
Kochanek, C. S., and Narayan, R. 1992, Ap.J. , 401, 461.Google Scholar
Langston, G. I., Schneider, D. P., Conner, S., Carilli, C. L., Lehár, J., Burke, B. F., Turner, E. L., Gunn, J. E., Hewitt, J. N., and Schmidt, M. 1989, A.J. , 97, 1283 (L89).Google Scholar
Lawrence, C. R., Schneider, D. P., Schmidt, M., Bennett, C. L., Hewitt, J. N., Burke, B. F., Turner, E. L., and Gunn, J. E., 1984, Science , 223, 46 (L84).Google Scholar
Lehár, J., 1993, in Gravitational Lenses in the Universe (eds. Surdej, J., Fraipont-Caro, D., Gosset, E., and Remy, M.), Liège: Universitea de Liège (L93a).Google Scholar
Lehár, J., Langston, G. I., Silber, A., Lawrence, C. R., and Burke, B. F., 1993, A.J. , 105, 847 (L93b).Google Scholar
Magain, P., Surdej, J., Swings, J.-P., Borgeest, U., Kayser, R., Kühr, H., Refsdal, S., and Remy, M., 1988, Nature , 334, 325 (M88).Google Scholar
Magain, P., Surdej, J., Vanderriest, C., Pirenne, B., and Hutsemeakers, D., 1992, Astron. Astroph. , 253, L13 (M92a).Google Scholar
Maoz, D., Bahcall, J. N., Schneider, D. P., Doxsey, R., Bahcall, N. A., Filippenko, A. V., Goss, W. M., Lahav, O., and Yanny, B., 1992, Ap.J. , 386, L1 (M92b).Google Scholar
McMahon, R., Irwin, M., and Hazard, C., 1992, Gemini, 36, 1 (M92c).Google Scholar
Meylan, G., and Djorgovski, S., 1989, Ap.J. , 338, L1 (M89).Google Scholar
Myers, S. T., Fassnacht, C. D., Djorgovski, S. G., Blandford, R. D., Matthews, K., Neugebaueer, G., Pearson, T. J., Readhead, A. C. S., Smith, J. D., Thompson, D. J., Womble, D. S., Browne, I. W. A., Wilkinson, P. N., Nair, S., Jackson, N., Snellen, I. A. G., Miley, G. K., de Bruyn, A. G., and Schilizzi, R. T., 1995, Ap.J. , 447, 5 (M95).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narayan, R. 1992, Ap.J. , 378, L5.Google Scholar
Patnaik, A., 1993, in Gravitational Lenses in the Universe (eds. Surdej, J., Fraipont-Caro, D., Gosset, E., and Remy, M.), Liège: Universitea de Liège (P93a).Google Scholar
Patnaik, A. R., Browne, I. W. A., Walsh, D., Chaffee, F. H., and Foltz, C. B., 1992, M.N.R.A.S. , 259, 1p (P92).Google Scholar
Patnaik, A. R., Browne, I. W. A., King, L. J., Muxlow, T. W. B., Walsh, D., and Wilkinson, P. N., 1993, M.N.R.A.S. , 261, 435 (P93b).Google Scholar
Ratnatunga, K. U., Ostrander, E. J., Griffiths, R. E., and Im, M., 1995, Ap.J. , 453, 5 (R95).Google Scholar
Refsdal, S. 1964, M.N.R.A.S. , 128, 307.Google Scholar
Surdej, J., Magain, P., Swings, J.-P., Borgeest, U., Courvoisier, T. J.-L., Kayser, R., Kellermann, K. I., Kühr, H., and Refsdal, S., 1987, Nature , 329, 695 (S87).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinney, C. G., 1995, in Gravitational Lenses in the Universe (eds. Surdej, J., Fraipont-Caro, D., Gosset, E., and Remy, M.), Liège: Universitea de Liège (T95).Google Scholar
Walsh, D., Carswell, R. F., and Weymann, R. J. 1979, Nature , 279, 381 (W79).Google Scholar
Weedman, D. W., Weymann, R. J., Green, R. F., and Heckmann, T. M., 1982, Ap.J. , 255, L5 (W82).Google Scholar
Weymann, R. J., Latham, D., Angel, J. R. P., Green, R. F., Liebert, J. W., Turnshek, D. A., Turnshek, D. E., and Tyson, J. A., 1980, Nature , 285, 641 (W80).Google Scholar
Wisotzki, L., Kuhler, T., Kayser, R., and Reimers, D., 1993, Astron. Astroph. , 278, L15 (W93).Google Scholar