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    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Thiebes, Stephanie Steinmann, Saskia Curic, Stjepan Polomac, Nenad Andreou, Christina Eichler, Iris-Carola Eichler, Lars Zöllner, Christian Gallinat, Jürgen Leicht, Gregor and Mulert, Christoph 2018. Alterations in interhemispheric gamma-band connectivity are related to the emergence of auditory verbal hallucinations in healthy subjects during NMDA-receptor blockade. Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 43, Issue. 7, p. 1608.
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    Rieger, Kathryn Rarra, Marie-Helene Moor, Nicolas Diaz Hernandez, Laura Baenninger, Anja Razavi, Nadja Dierks, Thomas Hubl, Daniela and Koenig, Thomas 2018. Neurofeedback-Based Enhancement of Single Trial Auditory Evoked Potentials: Feasibility in Healthy Subjects. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, Vol. 49, Issue. 2, p. 79.
    Rominger, Christian Schulter, Günter Fink, Andreas Weiss, Elisabeth M. and Papousek, Ilona 2018. Meaning in meaninglessness: The propensity to perceive meaningful patterns in coincident events and randomly arranged stimuli is linked to enhanced attention in early sensory processing. Psychiatry Research, Vol. 263, Issue. , p. 225.
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    Bohlken, M. M. Hugdahl, K. and Sommer, I. E. C. 2017. Auditory verbal hallucinations: neuroimaging and treatment. Psychological Medicine, Vol. 47, Issue. 02, p. 199.
    Thoma, Robert J Meier, Andrew Houck, Jon Clark, Vincent P Lewine, Jeffrey D. Turner, Jessica Calhoun, Vince and Stephen, Julia 2017. Diminished auditory sensory gating during active auditory verbal hallucinations. Schizophrenia Research, Vol. 188, Issue. , p. 125.
    Ford, Judith M. Roach, Brian J. Palzes, Vanessa A. and Mathalon, Daniel H. 2016. Using concurrent EEG and fMRI to probe the state of the brain in schizophrenia. NeuroImage: Clinical, Vol. 12, Issue. , p. 429.
    Griskova-Bulanova, Inga Hubl, Daniela van Swam, Claudia Dierks, Thomas and Koenig, Thomas 2016. Early- and late-latency gamma auditory steady-state response in schizophrenia during closed eyes: Does hallucination status matter?. Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 127, Issue. 5, p. 2214.
    Kometer, Michael and Vollenweider, Franz X. 2016.
    Ramyead, Avinash Studerus, Erich Kometer, Michael Heitz, Ulrike Gschwandtner, Ute Fuhr, Peter and Riecher-Rössler, Anita 2016. Neural oscillations in antipsychotic-naïve patients with a first psychotic episode. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 17, Issue. 4, p. 296.
    Ramyead, Avinash Kometer, Michael Studerus, Erich Koranyi, Susan Ittig, Sarah Gschwandtner, Ute Fuhr, Peter and Riecher-Rössler, Anita 2015. Aberrant Current Source-Density and Lagged Phase Synchronization of Neural Oscillations as Markers for Emerging Psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, Vol. 41, Issue. 4, p. 919.
    Chun, S. Westmoreland, J. J. Bayazitov, I. T. Eddins, D. Pani, A. K. Smeyne, R. J. Yu, J. Blundon, J. A. and Zakharenko, S. S. 2014. Specific disruption of thalamic inputs to the auditory cortex in schizophrenia models. Science, Vol. 344, Issue. 6188, p. 1178.
    Homan, Philipp Vermathen, Peter Van Swam, Claudia Federspiel, Andrea Boesch, Chris Strik, Werner Dierks, Thomas Hubl, Daniela and Kreis, Roland 2014. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations of functionally defined language areas in schizophrenia patients with and without auditory hallucinations. NeuroImage, Vol. 94, Issue. , p. 23.
    Hubl, Daniela Schneider, Rahel C. Kottlow, Mara Kindler, Jochen Strik, Werner Dierks, Thomas and Koenig, Thomas 2014. Agency and Ownership are Independent Components of ‘Sensing the Self’ in the Auditory-Verbal Domain. Brain Topography, Vol. 27, Issue. 5, p. 672.
    Wu, Chao Li, Huahui Tian, Qing Wu, Xihong Wang, Chuangyue and Li, Liang 2013. Disappearance of the unmasking effect of temporally pre-presented lipreading cues on speech recognition in people with chronic schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, Vol. 150, Issue. 2-3, p. 594.
    Hauf, Martinus Wiest, Roland Schindler, Kaspar Jann, Kay Dierks, Thomas Strik, Werner Schroth, Gerhard and Hubl, Daniela 2013. Common mechanisms of auditory hallucinations–perfusion studies in epilepsy. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, Vol. 211, Issue. 3, p. 268.
    Rihs, Tonia A. Tomescu, Miralena I. Britz, Juliane Rochas, Vincent Custo, Anna Schneider, Maude Debbané, Martin Eliez, Stephan and Michel, Christoph M. 2013. Altered auditory processing in frontal and left temporal cortex in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A group at high genetic risk for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, Vol. 212, Issue. 2, p. 141.
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Competition for neuronal resources: how hallucinations make themselves heard

  • Daniela Hubl (a1), Thomas Koenig (a1), Werner K. Strik (a1), Lester Melie Garcia (a2) and Thomas Dierks (a3)...
Abstract
Background

Hallucinations are perceptions in the absence of a corresponding external sensory stimulus. However, during auditory verbal hallucinations, activation of the primary auditory cortex has been described.

 Aims

The objective of this study was to investigate whether this activation of the auditory cortex contributes essentially to the character of hallucinations and attributes them to alien sources, or whether the auditory activation is a sign of increased general auditory attention to external sounds.

 Method

The responsiveness of the auditory cortex was investigated by auditory evoked potentials (N100) during the simultaneous occurrence of hallucinations and external stimuli. Evoked potentials were computed separately for periods with and without hallucinations; N100 power, topography and brain electrical sources were analysed.

 Results

Hallucinations lowered the N100 amplitudes and changed the topography, presumably due to a reduced left temporal responsivity.

 Conclusions

This finding indicates competition between auditory stimuli and hallucinations for physiological resources in the primary auditory cortex. The abnormal activation of the primary auditory cortex may thus be a constituent of auditory hallucinations.
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Copyright
COPYRIGHT: © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2007 
Corresponding author
Daniela Hubl, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, Bolligenstrasse 111, CH-3000 Bern 60, Switzerland. Tel: +4131 930 95 22; fax: +41 31 930 99 61; email: hubl@puk.unibe.ch
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Declaration of interest

None.

Funding detailed in Acknowledgements.

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References
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  • Cited by 43
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Thiebes, Stephanie Steinmann, Saskia Curic, Stjepan Polomac, Nenad Andreou, Christina Eichler, Iris-Carola Eichler, Lars Zöllner, Christian Gallinat, Jürgen Leicht, Gregor and Mulert, Christoph 2018. Alterations in interhemispheric gamma-band connectivity are related to the emergence of auditory verbal hallucinations in healthy subjects during NMDA-receptor blockade. Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 43, Issue. 7, p. 1608.
    Rieger, Kathryn Rarra, Marie-Helene Diaz Hernandez, Laura Hubl, Daniela and Koenig, Thomas 2018. Neurofeedback-Based Enhancement of Single-Trial Auditory Evoked Potentials: Treatment of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, p. 155005941876581.
    Hugdahl, Kenneth and Sommer, Iris E 2018. Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia From a Levels of Explanation Perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin, Vol. 44, Issue. 2, p. 234.
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    Rieger, Kathryn Rarra, Marie-Helene Moor, Nicolas Diaz Hernandez, Laura Baenninger, Anja Razavi, Nadja Dierks, Thomas Hubl, Daniela and Koenig, Thomas 2018. Neurofeedback-Based Enhancement of Single Trial Auditory Evoked Potentials: Feasibility in Healthy Subjects. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, Vol. 49, Issue. 2, p. 79.
    Rominger, Christian Schulter, Günter Fink, Andreas Weiss, Elisabeth M. and Papousek, Ilona 2018. Meaning in meaninglessness: The propensity to perceive meaningful patterns in coincident events and randomly arranged stimuli is linked to enhanced attention in early sensory processing. Psychiatry Research, Vol. 263, Issue. , p. 225.
    Strik, Werner Stegmayer, Katharina Walther, Sebastian and Dierks, Thomas 2017. Systems Neuroscience of Psychosis: Mapping Schizophrenia Symptoms onto Brain Systems. Neuropsychobiology, Vol. 75, Issue. 3, p. 100.
    Bohlken, M. M. Hugdahl, K. and Sommer, I. E. C. 2017. Auditory verbal hallucinations: neuroimaging and treatment. Psychological Medicine, Vol. 47, Issue. 02, p. 199.
    Thoma, Robert J Meier, Andrew Houck, Jon Clark, Vincent P Lewine, Jeffrey D. Turner, Jessica Calhoun, Vince and Stephen, Julia 2017. Diminished auditory sensory gating during active auditory verbal hallucinations. Schizophrenia Research, Vol. 188, Issue. , p. 125.
    Ford, Judith M. Roach, Brian J. Palzes, Vanessa A. and Mathalon, Daniel H. 2016. Using concurrent EEG and fMRI to probe the state of the brain in schizophrenia. NeuroImage: Clinical, Vol. 12, Issue. , p. 429.
    Griskova-Bulanova, Inga Hubl, Daniela van Swam, Claudia Dierks, Thomas and Koenig, Thomas 2016. Early- and late-latency gamma auditory steady-state response in schizophrenia during closed eyes: Does hallucination status matter?. Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 127, Issue. 5, p. 2214.
    Kometer, Michael and Vollenweider, Franz X. 2016.
    Ramyead, Avinash Studerus, Erich Kometer, Michael Heitz, Ulrike Gschwandtner, Ute Fuhr, Peter and Riecher-Rössler, Anita 2016. Neural oscillations in antipsychotic-naïve patients with a first psychotic episode. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 17, Issue. 4, p. 296.
    Ramyead, Avinash Kometer, Michael Studerus, Erich Koranyi, Susan Ittig, Sarah Gschwandtner, Ute Fuhr, Peter and Riecher-Rössler, Anita 2015. Aberrant Current Source-Density and Lagged Phase Synchronization of Neural Oscillations as Markers for Emerging Psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, Vol. 41, Issue. 4, p. 919.
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    Homan, Philipp Vermathen, Peter Van Swam, Claudia Federspiel, Andrea Boesch, Chris Strik, Werner Dierks, Thomas Hubl, Daniela and Kreis, Roland 2014. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations of functionally defined language areas in schizophrenia patients with and without auditory hallucinations. NeuroImage, Vol. 94, Issue. , p. 23.
    Hubl, Daniela Schneider, Rahel C. Kottlow, Mara Kindler, Jochen Strik, Werner Dierks, Thomas and Koenig, Thomas 2014. Agency and Ownership are Independent Components of ‘Sensing the Self’ in the Auditory-Verbal Domain. Brain Topography, Vol. 27, Issue. 5, p. 672.
    Wu, Chao Li, Huahui Tian, Qing Wu, Xihong Wang, Chuangyue and Li, Liang 2013. Disappearance of the unmasking effect of temporally pre-presented lipreading cues on speech recognition in people with chronic schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, Vol. 150, Issue. 2-3, p. 594.
    Hauf, Martinus Wiest, Roland Schindler, Kaspar Jann, Kay Dierks, Thomas Strik, Werner Schroth, Gerhard and Hubl, Daniela 2013. Common mechanisms of auditory hallucinations–perfusion studies in epilepsy. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, Vol. 211, Issue. 3, p. 268.
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Competition for neuronal resources: how hallucinations make themselves heard

  • Daniela Hubl (a1), Thomas Koenig (a1), Werner K. Strik (a1), Lester Melie Garcia (a2) and Thomas Dierks (a3)...
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