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  • Cited by 64
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Boeckle, Markus Liegl, Gregor Jank, Robert and Pieh, Christoph 2016. Neural correlates of conversion disorder: overview and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on motor conversion disorder. BMC Psychiatry, Vol. 16, Issue. 1,
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    Newberg, Andrew B. Moss, Aleeze S. Monti, Daniel A. and Alavi, Abass 2011. Positron emission tomography in psychiatric disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1228, Issue. 1, p. E13.
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    Kaylor-Hughes, Catherine J. Lankappa, Sudheer T. Fung, Robert Hope-Urwin, Alexandra E. Wilkinson, Iain D. and Spence, Sean A. 2011. The functional anatomical distinction between truth telling and deception is preserved among people with schizophrenia. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, Vol. 21, Issue. 1, p. 8.
    Lafargue, Gilles 2010. L’expérience subjective de l’effort volontaire dans la schizophrénie : approche neurophénoménologique. L'Évolution Psychiatrique, Vol. 75, Issue. 3, p. 421.
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    Karch, Susanne Mulert, Christoph Thalmeier, Tobias Lutz, Jürgen Leicht, Gregor Meindl, Thomas Möller, Hans-Jürgen Jäger, Lorenz and Pogarell, Oliver 2009. The free choice whether or not to respond after stimulus presentation. Human Brain Mapping, Vol. 30, Issue. 9, p. 2971.
    Lafargue, G. and Franck, N. 2008. Rôle du sens de l’effort dans le syndrome d’influence. PSN, Vol. 6, Issue. 3, p. 137.
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    Razoux, Florence Garcia, René and Léna, Isabelle 2007. Ketamine, at a Dose that Disrupts Motor Behavior and Latent Inhibition, Enhances Prefrontal Cortex Synaptic Efficacy and Glutamate Release in the Nucleus Accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 32, Issue. 3, p. 719.
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Prefrontal cortex activity in people with schizophrenia and control subjects: Evidence from positron emission tomography for remission of ‘hypofrontality’ with recovery from acute schizophrenia

  • Sean A. Spence (a1), Steven R. Hirsch (a2), David J. Brooks (a1) and Paul M. Grasby (a1)
Abstract
Background

Hypo-activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is inconsistently found in neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia. As the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in the generation of action, disordered function in this region may be implicated in schizophrenic symptomatology.

 Method

We used H2 15O positron emission tomography to study dorsolateral prefrontal cortical function in men with schizophrenia (n=13) and male control subjects (n=6) performing joystick movements on two occasions, 4–6 weeks apart. The patients were initially in relapse. To clarify dorsolateral prefrontal cortical function we also scanned another group of control subjects (n=5) performing mouth movements.

 Results

The control subjects performing hand or mouth movements activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to a maximum when the movements were self-selected. The men with relapsed schizophrenia exhibited left dorsolateral prefrontal cortical hypo-activation, which remitted with symptomatic improvement.

 Conclusions

Hypofrontality in these patients is a dynamic phenomenon across time, possibly related to current symptomatology. The most appropriate question about the presence of hypofrontality in schizophrenia may be when, rather than whether, it will occur.
Copyright
COPYRIGHT: © 1998 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 
Corresponding author
Dr Sean Spence, Imperial College School of Medicine, MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN; e-mail: sean@wren.rpms.ac.uk
Footnotes
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∗.

S.A.S. was one of the recipients of the Royal College of Psychiatrists Research Prize and Bronze Medal 1997 for an extended version of this paper.

Footnotes
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  • Cited by 64
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Boeckle, Markus Liegl, Gregor Jank, Robert and Pieh, Christoph 2016. Neural correlates of conversion disorder: overview and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on motor conversion disorder. BMC Psychiatry, Vol. 16, Issue. 1,
    Foti, Francesca Laricchiuta, Daniela Cutuli, Debora De Bartolo, Paola Gelfo, Francesca Angelucci, Francesco and Petrosini, Laura 2011. Exposure to an Enriched Environment Accelerates Recovery from Cerebellar Lesion. The Cerebellum, Vol. 10, Issue. 1, p. 104.
    Newberg, Andrew B. Moss, Aleeze S. Monti, Daniel A. and Alavi, Abass 2011. Positron emission tomography in psychiatric disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1228, Issue. 1, p. E13.
    Gelfo, Francesca Cutuli, Debora Foti, Francesca Laricchiuta, Daniela De Bartolo, Paola Caltagirone, Carlo Petrosini, Laura and Angelucci, Francesco 2011. Enriched Environment Improves Motor Function and Increases Neurotrophins in Hemicerebellar Lesioned Rats. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, Vol. 25, Issue. 3, p. 243.
    Smee, C. Krabbendam, L. O’Daly, O. Prins, A.-M. Nalesnik, N. Morley, L. Samson, G. and Shergill, S. 2011. An fMRI study of prefrontal dysfunction and symptomatic recovery in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 123, Issue. 6, p. 440.
    Kaylor-Hughes, Catherine J. Lankappa, Sudheer T. Fung, Robert Hope-Urwin, Alexandra E. Wilkinson, Iain D. and Spence, Sean A. 2011. The functional anatomical distinction between truth telling and deception is preserved among people with schizophrenia. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, Vol. 21, Issue. 1, p. 8.
    Lafargue, Gilles 2010. L’expérience subjective de l’effort volontaire dans la schizophrénie : approche neurophénoménologique. L'Évolution Psychiatrique, Vol. 75, Issue. 3, p. 421.
    Newberg, Andrew B. and Alavi, Abass 2010. Role of PET in the Investigation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. PET Clinics, Vol. 5, Issue. 2, p. 223.
    Lafargue, Gilles and Franck, Nicolas 2009. Effort awareness and sense of volition in schizophrenia. Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 18, Issue. 1, p. 277.
    De Bartolo, P. Mandolesi, L. Federico, F. Foti, F. Cutuli, D. Gelfo, F. and Petrosini, L. 2009. Cerebellar involvement in cognitive flexibility. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Vol. 92, Issue. 3, p. 310.
    Karch, Susanne Mulert, Christoph Thalmeier, Tobias Lutz, Jürgen Leicht, Gregor Meindl, Thomas Möller, Hans-Jürgen Jäger, Lorenz and Pogarell, Oliver 2009. The free choice whether or not to respond after stimulus presentation. Human Brain Mapping, Vol. 30, Issue. 9, p. 2971.
    Lafargue, G. and Franck, N. 2008. Rôle du sens de l’effort dans le syndrome d’influence. PSN, Vol. 6, Issue. 3, p. 137.
    Rowe, J. Hughes, L. Eckstein, D. and Owen, A. M. 2008. Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared Neuroanatomical Basis in the Human Prefrontal and Parietal Cortex. Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 18, Issue. 10, p. 2275.
    Bentall, Richard P. Fernyhough, Charles Morrison, Anthony P. Lewis, Shôn and Corcoran, Rhiannon 2007. Prospects for a cognitive-developmental account of psychotic experiences. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 46, Issue. 2, p. 155.
    Robbins, Trevor Cardinal, Rudolf N DiCiano, Patricia Halligan, Peter W Hellemans, Kim Lee, Jonathan and Everitt, Barry J 2007. Drugs and the Future. p. 11.
    Boly, M. Coleman, M.R. Davis, M.H. Hampshire, A. Bor, D. Moonen, G. Maquet, P.A. Pickard, J.D. Laureys, S. and Owen, A.M. 2007. When thoughts become action: An fMRI paradigm to study volitional brain activity in non-communicative brain injured patients. NeuroImage, Vol. 36, Issue. 3, p. 979.
    Petrosini, Laura 2007. “Do What I Do” and “Do How I Do”: Different Components of Imitative Learning Are Mediated by Different Neural Structures. The Neuroscientist, Vol. 13, Issue. 4, p. 335.
    Torriero, Sara Oliveri, Massimiliano Koch, Giacomo Caltagirone, Carlo and Petrosini, Laura 2007. The What and How of Observational Learning. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol. 19, Issue. 10, p. 1656.
    Hester, Robert D'Esposito, Mark Cole, Michael W. and Garavan, Hugh 2007. Neural mechanisms for response selection: comparing selection of responses and items from working memory. NeuroImage, Vol. 34, Issue. 1, p. 446.
    Razoux, Florence Garcia, René and Léna, Isabelle 2007. Ketamine, at a Dose that Disrupts Motor Behavior and Latent Inhibition, Enhances Prefrontal Cortex Synaptic Efficacy and Glutamate Release in the Nucleus Accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 32, Issue. 3, p. 719.
    Download full list
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Prefrontal cortex activity in people with schizophrenia and control subjects: Evidence from positron emission tomography for remission of ‘hypofrontality’ with recovery from acute schizophrenia

  • Sean A. Spence (a1), Steven R. Hirsch (a2), David J. Brooks (a1) and Paul M. Grasby (a1)
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