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    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.

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Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study

  • Simon Baron-Cohen (a1), Fiona J. Scott (a1), Carrie Allison (a1), Joanna Williams (a2), Patrick Bolton (a1), Fiona E. Matthews (a3) and Carol Brayne (a4)...
Abstract
Background

Recent reports estimate the prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions in the UK to be 1%.

 Aims

To use different methods to estimate the prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions, including previously undiagnosed cases, in Cambridgeshire.

 Method

We carried out a survey of autism-spectrum conditions using the Special Educational Needs (SEN) register. A diagnosis survey was distributed to participating schools to be handed out to parents of all children aged 5–9 years. The mainstream primary school population was screened for unknown cases.

 Results

The prevalence estimates generated from the SEN register and diagnosis survey were 94 per 10 000 and 99 per 10 000 respectively. A total of 11 children received a research diagnosis of an autism-spectrum condition following screening and assessment. The ratio of known:unknown cases is about 3:2 (following statistical weighting procedures). Taken together, we estimate the prevalence to be 157 per 10 000, including previously undiagnosed cases.

 Conclusions

This study has implications for planning diagnostic, social and health services.
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Copyright
COPYRIGHT: © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009 
Corresponding author
Simon Baron–Cohen, University of Cambridge, Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas House, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK. Email: sb205@cam.ac.uk
Footnotes
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∗

These authors contributed equally to the work.

This study was funded by the Shirley Foundation. S.B-C., F.J.M. and J.W. were funded by the Medical Research Council during the period of this work. P.B. was supported by the UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, and the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust.

Declaration of interest

F.J.S acted as an expert witness for the diagnosis of autism-spectrum conditions and for the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine litigation, but not for children in the population covered by this study.

Footnotes
References
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  • Cited by 348
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.

    Ujiie, Yuta Asai, Tomohisa and Wakabayashi, Akio 2018. Individual differences and the effect of face configuration information in the McGurk effect. Experimental Brain Research,

    He, Ping Guo, Chao Wang, Zhenjie Chen, Gong Li, Ning and Zheng, Xiaoying 2018. Socioeconomic status and childhood autism: A population-based study in China. Psychiatry Research, Vol. 259, p. 27.

    St Pourcain, B Robinson, E B Anttila, V Sullivan, B B Maller, J Golding, J Skuse, D Ring, S Evans, D M Zammit, S Fisher, S E Neale, B M Anney, R J L Ripke, S Hollegaard, M V Werge, T Ronald, A Grove, J Hougaard, D M Børglum, A D Mortensen, P B Daly, M J and Davey Smith, G 2018. ASD and schizophrenia show distinct developmental profiles in common genetic overlap with population-based social communication difficulties. Molecular Psychiatry, Vol. 23, Issue. 2, p. 263.

    McGillivray, J. A. and Evert, H. T. 2018. Exploring the Effect of Gender and Age on Stress and Emotional Distress in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, Vol. 33, Issue. 1, p. 55.

    Hoekstra, Rosa 2018. Autismespectrumstoornis. p. 19.

    Westwood, Heather Mandy, William Simic, Mima and Tchanturia, Kate 2018. Assessing ASD in Adolescent Females with Anorexia Nervosa using Clinical and Developmental Measures: a Preliminary Investigation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Vol. 46, Issue. 1, p. 183.

    Mandy, William Clarke, Kiri McKenner, Michele Strydom, Andre Crabtree, Jason Lai, Meng-Chuan Allison, Carrie Baron-Cohen, Simon and Skuse, David 2018. Assessing Autism in Adults: An Evaluation of the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview—Adult Version (3Di-Adult). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Vol. 48, Issue. 2, p. 549.

    Sinclaire-Harding, Lysandra Vuillier, Laura and Whitebread, David 2018. International Handbook of Early Childhood Education. p. 335.

    Rafter, Mary and Gillies, Robyn M. 2018. Genomics Literacy: Implications for Teaching Students with a Range of Special Needs. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, Vol. 65, Issue. 1, p. 45.

    Berggren, Steve Fletcher-Watson, Sue Milenkovic, Nina Marschik, Peter B. Bölte, Sven and Jonsson, Ulf 2018. Emotion recognition training in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of challenges related to generalizability. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, Vol. 21, Issue. 3, p. 141.

    Sagar-Ouriaghli, Ilyas Lievesley, Kate and Santosh, Paramala J 2018. Propranolol for treating emotional, behavioural, autonomic dysregulation in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Psychopharmacology, p. 026988111875624.

    Artoni, Silvia Bastiani, Luca Buzzi, Maria Claudia Buzzi, Marina Curzio, Olivia Pelagatti, Susanna and Senette, Caterina 2018. Technology-enhanced ABA intervention in children with autism: a pilot study. Universal Access in the Information Society, Vol. 17, Issue. 1, p. 191.

    Fayette, Rainart and Bond, Caroline 2018. A qualitative study of specialist schools’ processes of eliciting the views of young people with autism spectrum disorders in planning their transition to adulthood. British Journal of Special Education,

    Abu-Akel, Ahmad and Bo, Sune 2018. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Forensic Neuroscience. p. 531.

    Jin, Zhijuan Yang, You Liu, Shijian Huang, Hong and Jin, Xingming 2018. Prevalence of DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder Among School-Based Children Aged 3–12 Years in Shanghai, China. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,

    Lane, Chloe Milne, Elizabeth and Freeth, Megan 2017. Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Sotos Syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Vol. 47, Issue. 1, p. 135.

    Dudas, Robert B. Lovejoy, Chris Cassidy, Sarah Allison, Carrie Smith, Paula Baron-Cohen, Simon and Botbol, Michel 2017. The overlap between autistic spectrum conditions and borderline personality disorder. PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue. 9, p. e0184447.

    Khera, Charandeep K Stevelink, S A M and Fear, N T 2017. Parental reports of serious illness and disability among children aged 3–16 years from UK military families. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, Vol. 163, Issue. 4, p. 255.

    Shooshtari, S. Stoesz, B. M. Rad, P. and Khoeiniha, S. 2017. Development of the Cerebellum from Molecular Aspects to Diseases. p. 423.

    Beggiato, Anita Peyre, Hugo Maruani, Anna Scheid, Isabelle Rastam, Maria Amsellem, Frederique Gillberg, Carina I. Leboyer, Marion Bourgeron, Thomas Gillberg, Christopher and Delorme, Richard 2017. Gender differences in autism spectrum disorders: Divergence among specific core symptoms. Autism Research, Vol. 10, Issue. 4, p. 680.

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Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study

  • Simon Baron-Cohen (a1), Fiona J. Scott (a1), Carrie Allison (a1), Joanna Williams (a2), Patrick Bolton (a1), Fiona E. Matthews (a3) and Carol Brayne (a4)...
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