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  • Cited by 53
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Hashmi, Ali M. Ali, Ali Ahsan Vowell, Dennis R. and Khawaja, Imran S. 2017. Understanding and Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Global Village. Psychiatric Annals, Vol. 47, Issue. 3, p. 128.
    Nickerson, Angela Garber, Benjamin Ahmed, Ola Asnaani, Anu Cheung, Jessica Hofmann, Stefan G. Huynh, Ly Liddell, Belinda Litz, Brett T. Pajak, Rosanna and Bryant, Richard A. 2016. Emotional suppression in torture survivors: Relationship to posttraumatic stress symptoms and trauma-related negative affect. Psychiatry Research, Vol. 242, Issue. , p. 233.
    Willis, Stacey Chou, Shihning and Hunt, Nigel C. 2015. A systematic review on the effect of political imprisonment on mental health. Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 25, Issue. , p. 173.
    Nickerson, Angela Bryant, Richard A. Rosebrock, Laina and Litz, Brett T. 2014. The Mechanisms of Psychosocial Injury Following Human Rights Violations, Mass Trauma, and Torture. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, Vol. 21, Issue. 2, p. 172.
    Hall, Brian J. Bonanno, George A. Bolton, Paul A. and Bass, Judith K. 2014. A Longitudinal Investigation of Changes to Social Resources Associated With Psychological Distress Among Kurdish Torture Survivors Living in Northern Iraq. Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 27, Issue. 4, p. 446.
    Higgins, Stephen and Butler, Catherine 2012. Intersectionality, Sexuality and Psychological Therapies. p. 113.
    Kira, Ibrahim A. Templin, Thomas Lewandowski, Linda Ashby, Jeffery S. Oladele, Alwande and Odenat, Lydia 2012. Cumulative Trauma Disorder Scale (CTD): Two Studies. Psychology, Vol. 03, Issue. 09, p. 643.
    Hárdi, Lilla and Kroó, Adrienn 2011. The Trauma of Torture and the Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, Vol. 219, Issue. 3, p. 133.
    Singer, J. and Adams, J. 2011. The Place of Complementary Therapies in an Integrated Model of Refugee Health Care: Counsellors' and Refugee Clients' Perspectives. Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 24, Issue. 2, p. 351.
    HALVORSEN, JOAR ØVERAAS and STENMARK, HÅKON 2010. Narrative exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in tortured refugees: A preliminary uncontrolled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 51, Issue. 6, p. 495.
    Turner, Stuart W. and Herlihy, Jane 2009. Working with refugees and asylum seekers. Psychiatry, Vol. 8, Issue. 8, p. 322.
    Grey, Nick and Young, Kerry 2008. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Refugees and Asylum Seekers Experiencing Traumatic Stress Symptoms. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Vol. 36, Issue. 01,
    Beltran, Ruth O. Llewellyn, Gwynnyth M. and Silove, Derrick 2008. Clinicians' understanding of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision diagnostic criteria: F62.0 enduring personality change after catastrophic experience. Comprehensive Psychiatry, Vol. 49, Issue. 6, p. 593.
    Mazzetti, Marco 2008. Trauma and Migration: A Transactional Analytic Approach toward Refugees and Torture Victims. Transactional Analysis Journal, Vol. 38, Issue. 4, p. 285.
    Costanzo, Mark Gerrity, Ellen and Lykes, M. Brinton 2007. Psychologists and the Use of Torture in Interrogations. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, Vol. 0, Issue. 0, p. 070721061016002.
    Robertson, Cheryl Lee and Duckett, Laura 2007. Mothering During War and Postwar in Bosnia. Journal of Family Nursing, Vol. 13, Issue. 4, p. 461.
    Halcón, Linda L. Robertson, Cheryl L. Monsen, Karen A. and Claypatch, Cindi C. 2007. A Theoretical Framework for Using Health Realization to Reduce Stress and Improve Coping in Refugee Communities. Journal of Holistic Nursing, Vol. 25, Issue. 3, p. 186.
    Maier, T. 2006. Psychotherapie von Kriegs- und Folteropfern. Psychotherapeut, Vol. 51, Issue. 1, p. 47.
    Robertson, Cheryl Lee Halcon, Linda Savik, Kay Johnson, David Spring, Marline Butcher, James Westermeyer, Joseph and Jaranson, James 2006. Somali and Oromo refugee women: trauma and associated factors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 56, Issue. 6, p. 577.
    Hollifield, Michael Eckert, Valorie Warner, Teddy D. Jenkins, Janis Krakow, Barry Ruiz, James and Westermeyer, Joseph 2005. Development of an inventory for measuring war-related events in refugees. Comprehensive Psychiatry, Vol. 46, Issue. 1, p. 67.
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Psychological Sequelae of Torture: A Descriptive Model

  • Stuart Turner (a1) and Caroline Gorst-Unsworth (a2)
Extract

Torture is one of the most important preventable causes of psychological morbidity. Amnesty International (1987) has reported the use of “brutal torture and ill-treatment” in over 90 countries in the 1980s. In some countries torture has been applied on such a widespread scale and in such an arbitrary manner that whole populations are affected. In Kampuchea under the Pol Pot regime, for example, genocide and torture took place on a massive scale; indeed, merely wearing spectacles became for many a capital offence (Amnesty International, 1983). Similar reports abound from many other countries and regions.

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COPYRIGHT: © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1990 
Corresponding author
∗ Correspondence
References
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  • Cited by 53
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Hashmi, Ali M. Ali, Ali Ahsan Vowell, Dennis R. and Khawaja, Imran S. 2017. Understanding and Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Global Village. Psychiatric Annals, Vol. 47, Issue. 3, p. 128.
    Nickerson, Angela Garber, Benjamin Ahmed, Ola Asnaani, Anu Cheung, Jessica Hofmann, Stefan G. Huynh, Ly Liddell, Belinda Litz, Brett T. Pajak, Rosanna and Bryant, Richard A. 2016. Emotional suppression in torture survivors: Relationship to posttraumatic stress symptoms and trauma-related negative affect. Psychiatry Research, Vol. 242, Issue. , p. 233.
    Willis, Stacey Chou, Shihning and Hunt, Nigel C. 2015. A systematic review on the effect of political imprisonment on mental health. Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 25, Issue. , p. 173.
    Nickerson, Angela Bryant, Richard A. Rosebrock, Laina and Litz, Brett T. 2014. The Mechanisms of Psychosocial Injury Following Human Rights Violations, Mass Trauma, and Torture. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, Vol. 21, Issue. 2, p. 172.
    Hall, Brian J. Bonanno, George A. Bolton, Paul A. and Bass, Judith K. 2014. A Longitudinal Investigation of Changes to Social Resources Associated With Psychological Distress Among Kurdish Torture Survivors Living in Northern Iraq. Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 27, Issue. 4, p. 446.
    Higgins, Stephen and Butler, Catherine 2012. Intersectionality, Sexuality and Psychological Therapies. p. 113.
    Kira, Ibrahim A. Templin, Thomas Lewandowski, Linda Ashby, Jeffery S. Oladele, Alwande and Odenat, Lydia 2012. Cumulative Trauma Disorder Scale (CTD): Two Studies. Psychology, Vol. 03, Issue. 09, p. 643.
    Hárdi, Lilla and Kroó, Adrienn 2011. The Trauma of Torture and the Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, Vol. 219, Issue. 3, p. 133.
    Singer, J. and Adams, J. 2011. The Place of Complementary Therapies in an Integrated Model of Refugee Health Care: Counsellors' and Refugee Clients' Perspectives. Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 24, Issue. 2, p. 351.
    HALVORSEN, JOAR ØVERAAS and STENMARK, HÅKON 2010. Narrative exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in tortured refugees: A preliminary uncontrolled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 51, Issue. 6, p. 495.
    Turner, Stuart W. and Herlihy, Jane 2009. Working with refugees and asylum seekers. Psychiatry, Vol. 8, Issue. 8, p. 322.
    Grey, Nick and Young, Kerry 2008. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Refugees and Asylum Seekers Experiencing Traumatic Stress Symptoms. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Vol. 36, Issue. 01,
    Beltran, Ruth O. Llewellyn, Gwynnyth M. and Silove, Derrick 2008. Clinicians' understanding of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision diagnostic criteria: F62.0 enduring personality change after catastrophic experience. Comprehensive Psychiatry, Vol. 49, Issue. 6, p. 593.
    Mazzetti, Marco 2008. Trauma and Migration: A Transactional Analytic Approach toward Refugees and Torture Victims. Transactional Analysis Journal, Vol. 38, Issue. 4, p. 285.
    Costanzo, Mark Gerrity, Ellen and Lykes, M. Brinton 2007. Psychologists and the Use of Torture in Interrogations. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, Vol. 0, Issue. 0, p. 070721061016002.
    Robertson, Cheryl Lee and Duckett, Laura 2007. Mothering During War and Postwar in Bosnia. Journal of Family Nursing, Vol. 13, Issue. 4, p. 461.
    Halcón, Linda L. Robertson, Cheryl L. Monsen, Karen A. and Claypatch, Cindi C. 2007. A Theoretical Framework for Using Health Realization to Reduce Stress and Improve Coping in Refugee Communities. Journal of Holistic Nursing, Vol. 25, Issue. 3, p. 186.
    Maier, T. 2006. Psychotherapie von Kriegs- und Folteropfern. Psychotherapeut, Vol. 51, Issue. 1, p. 47.
    Robertson, Cheryl Lee Halcon, Linda Savik, Kay Johnson, David Spring, Marline Butcher, James Westermeyer, Joseph and Jaranson, James 2006. Somali and Oromo refugee women: trauma and associated factors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 56, Issue. 6, p. 577.
    Hollifield, Michael Eckert, Valorie Warner, Teddy D. Jenkins, Janis Krakow, Barry Ruiz, James and Westermeyer, Joseph 2005. Development of an inventory for measuring war-related events in refugees. Comprehensive Psychiatry, Vol. 46, Issue. 1, p. 67.
    Download full list
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  • Get access
    Add to cart USD35.00
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Psychological Sequelae of Torture: A Descriptive Model

  • Stuart Turner (a1) and Caroline Gorst-Unsworth (a2)
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