NOTES
1. Dipsychus, XI, 127–33, in Mulhauser, F. L., ed., The Poems of Arthur Hugh Clough, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974), pp. 276–77, hereafter cited as Poems.
2. See, e.g., Gollin, Richard M., “The 1951 Edition of Clough's Poems: A Critical Re-examination”, Modern Philology, 60 (1962), 120–27; and Mulhauser's response (in Poems, pp. vi–ix). On the general question of Clough's rewriting, see my review in Arnoldian, 4:3 (1977), 7–14, and, more fully, “A Study of Re writing in the Poetry of Arthur Hugh Clough,” unpublished Ph.D. thesis (University of Edinburgh, 1976).
3. The first Oxford edition (1951) had used Mrs. Clough's title, for which it was sharply criticised by Gollin, (as in note 2 above, pp. 122–23), because “there is repeated evidence that Clough, Mrs. Clough, and Matthew Arnold always called the poem ‘Adam and Eve’” (and cf. Gollin's criticism of Chorley, Lady in Essays in Criticism, 12 [1962], 429). Since Gollin's reviews, most scholarly commentary has accepted the notebook title.
4. Poems and Prose Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough, edited by his wife (London: Macmillan, 1869), II, 43 ff.
6. From the fuller version of the memorandum, in Bodleian Ms.Eng.Misc.c.359, ff. 120–23. A second version is laid in Bodleian Ms.Eng.poet.d. 125 (Adam and Eve Notebook II), between ff. 13 and 18, and is printed in Poems, p. 663. Both versions are written on the same bright blue paper. I am indebted to Miss Katharine Duff, to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and to the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, for permission to quote manuscript materials.
7. Dates have ranged from 1847–48, in Johari, G. P., PMLA, 66 (1951), 417, to later than Clough's, Dipsychus (1850), in Johnson, Jacqueline and Dean, Paul, Durham University Journal, 38 (1977), 253.
8. Cf. Smith, Eric, Some Versions of the Fall (London: Croom Helm, 1973), p. 17.
9. E.g., Chorley, Katherine, Arthur Hugh Clough (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962), p. 125; for dating Clough's study of economic questions, see Correspondence of Arthur Hugh Clough, ed. Mulhauser, F. L. (Oxford: Clarendon, Press 1957), I, 130, hereafter cited as Correspondence.
10. Balliol Ms.441(a), ff. 4V and 5V. Chorley, Lady (p. 107) prints this passage with materials from elsewhere in the notebook, and assigns it to 1849; Biswas, Robindra K., Arthur Hugh Clough (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972) prints it in its context and dates it 1845. Clough's interest in the progressive Unitarians and the transcendentalists is discussed by Greenberger, Evelyn Barish, Arthur Hugh Clough: the Growth of a Poet's Mind (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970), pp. 102–04. The manuscript notebook here quoted is sometimes cited as the 1849 (Roma) Notebook, but is clearly labelled by Clough “GrasmereL[ong] V[acation] '45/Roma – MDCCCXLIX” (Poems, p. 654), and much of the material is from the earlier date.
11. Clough noted that he had seen this number, in a letter of 21 Sept. 1845 (Correspondence, I, 155, which misprints “3” as “8”). Copies of the first three numbers were listed among his books after his marriage (list in Bodleian Ms.Eng.Misc.c.359, f. 155). The same number also included articles on Dr. Arnold, and on Blanco White (the Unitarian ex-Fellow of Oriel), which would make Clough's interest still more probable.
12. [Kenrick, John], Prospective Review, 1 (08 1845), 335–55, esp. pp. 342 and 348–50. Authorship identification for this and the next item from Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, volume 3. The word “mythus” had been used in English for some years, but always in a specialized context relating to German scholarship (see O.E.D., esp. examples from Coleridge and Carlyle). References to Adam and Eve in parentheses in the text are to the scene and line numbers in Poems, pp. 165–87.
13. [Wicksteed, Charles], Prospective Review, 1 (08 1845), 445–64; pp. 450–51. With the last sentence, cf. Clough's later “Notes on the Religious Tradition” (c. 1850), in Selected Prose Works of Arthur Hugh Clough, ed. Trawick, Buckner B. (University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1964), p. 291.
14. Letters of Matthew Arnold to Arthur Hugh Clough, ed. Lowry, H. F. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1932; repr. 1968), p. 86 (20 07 1848); and p. 87 (late 07/ early 08 1848).
15. Both the letter(8 Sept. 1848) and verses are printed by Mulhauser, F. L., “An Unpublished Poem of James Anthony Froude,” English Language Notes, 12 (1974), 26–30.
17. Houghton, Walter E., The Poetry of Clough (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963), p. 80 and n. 3.
18. Bodleian MS.Eng.poet.d.125, which contains fair copies (rectos only, ff. 1–13) of scene I and scene II, lines 1–78.
19. Bodleian Ms.Eng.poet.d.124.
20. Clough himself, for instance, had had in 1844 to subscribe to the XXXIX Articles of Religion, and among them Article IX, which affirms a belief in “Original or Birth-Sin” that “mutually is engendered of the offspring of Adam.” Cf. also “Thou bidd'st me mark,” in Poems, p. 137.
21. Balliol Ms.441(a), ff. 38r, 36V.
22. I have noticed besides Byron the following treatments of the Cain story: Gessner, Solomon, The Death of Abel (1761); Hall, W. H., The Death of Cain (1809); Montgomery, James, The World before the Flood (1813), Book VII; Blake, William, The Ghost of Abel (1822); Coleridge, S. T., “The Wanderings of Cain,” in his Poems (1826); Reade, J. E., Cain the Wanderer, a Vision of Heaven (1829); Yorke, C. J., Cain and Abel: A Poem (1836); Harper, William, Cain and Abel (1844); Chadwick, Adam, Cain and Abel (1845); and “A Cambridge Wrangler,” “Cain,” in Poems of Early Years (1851). This list is certainly incomplete. When W. E. Aytoun wished to satirize the Victorian “Spasmodists,” he made his hero a poet who was attempting “to paint the mental spasms that tortured Cain” (Firmilian, 1854, I, 96, in Poems of William Edmonstoune Aytoun, ed. Page, Frederick [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1921], p. 299).
24. Cf. Scott, Patrick, ed., Amours de Voyage (St. Lucia: Queensland University Press, 1974), pp. 7–9 and p. 39.
25. Loose sheet laid in Balliol Ms.441(a).
26. Bodleian Ms.Eng.poet.d. 133.
27. In this reconstruction, “My father” (which opens the 1869 line 1, but which is, on the manuscript f. 4V, separated by a dash from “Abel is dead”) is taken to be a note of the fact that lines 7–9 precede the inserted material; scansion reinforces the interpretation, though it is admittedly conjectural. Arrow brackets < > surround deleted material, italics indicate Clough's substitutions, and square brackets [ ] indicate editorial additions or expansions.
28. With this passage, cf. I Peter 5:6: “be clothed with humility … humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God.”
29. The lyrics are printed in Poems, pp. 215–17, and the extra scene is in the notes to Poems, p. 665; the loose sheet is foliated f. 14 of the notebook. There was also at least one further draft scene no longer extant; the words remaining on the stubs of the excised leaves (e.g., ff. 5v and 6r) do not correspond to the ends or beginnings of any printed lines.
30. This same notebook also contains the remnants of a once-substantial hexameter poem about a Highland ferry-girl (in Poems, pp. 447–48), which is much earlier in date – subsequent to 3 Aug. 1847, yet almost certainly predating The Bothie (09 1848). These hexameters, however, need not determine the date of the Adam and Eve material, since they work from the opposite end of the notebook, and where the two overlap (e.g. on f. 43r), the Adam and Eve material fits round the hexameters on the page, not the other way about.
32. Cf. Amours de Voyage, III, 176 (Poems, p. 119), and Dipsychus, v, 66 and 75 (Poems, p. 239).
33. Adam and Eve Notebook I, f. 33V; cf. Poems and Prose Remains (1869), II, 69, and Poems, pp. 666–67.
35. Adam and Eve Notebook I, f. 2V; Poems, pp. 216–17 and p. 681. Line 21 of this lyric (recorded as “illegible” in Poems) reads “In the well forgets the ill,” and line 22 reads “Cheerily, so cheerily,” not “oh cheerily.” I am grateful to E. P. Wilson of Worcester College, Oxford, for collating this Ms. for me.
36. Poems, pp. 214–15 and p. 680.
37. Barish, Evelyn, “A New Clough manuscript,” Review of English Studies, NS 15 (1964), 168–74.
38. Adam and Eve Notebook I, f. 43r.
39. Cf. Houghton, , pp. 88–89.
40. [Henry Sidgwick], in Westminster Review, 92 (10 1869), 375–76; repr. in Thorpe, Michael, ed., Clough, the Critical Heritage (London: Routledge, Kegan Paul, 1972), p. 280.
41. Waddington, Samuel, Arthur Hugh Clough, A Monograph (London: George Bell and Sons, 1883), p. 310.
42. Johnson, and Dean, (see note 7 above), p. 251n.
