Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T09:08:07.828Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“Impressions of Plants Themselves”: Materializing Eco-Archival Practices with Anna Atkins's Photographs of British Algae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 April 2019

Extract

Three ghostly white plants float suspended atop the Prussian-blue background of a 27 x 21 cm print (fig. 1). Their leafy fronds are so exquisitely fine that in some places the blue bleeds through their tissues to expose delicate quiltings of veins and willowy inflorescences. Opaque white patches mottle each of the plants to signal where multiple layers of plant flesh overlap. The interplay of shapes, color, and textures in the image captures an atmospheric effect of alien beauty, nearly incomprehensible. That is, until the small label at the bottom of the print in meticulous penmanship informs us that we are looking at Delessaria sanguinea, a type of red algae commonly known as “Sea Beech.” This is one in the thousand-plus body of images that comprises Anna Atkins's Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions. Dedicated to documenting England's native seaweed, ferns, and flowering plants, Atkins's photographic botanical project ranged about a decade (October 1843–53) and resulted in multiple editions she would give to friends and cultural institutions. While she primarily helmed the project herself, she occasionally included her father, zoologist and photography enthusiast John Children. For the last couple albums, she enlisted as a co-creator her “like a sister” Anne Dixon, who collected, arranged, and developed the images alongside Atkins.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

A Friend to Youth. A Poem on the Pleasures and Advantages of Botanical Pursuits, with Notes and Other Poems. Bristol: Broadmead, 1825.Google Scholar
Alaimo, Stacy. Bodily Natures: Science, the Environment, and the Material Self. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Alaimo, Stacy. “Porous Bodies and Transcorporeality.” Larval Subjects (May 24, 2012), https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/05/24/stacy-alaimo-porous-bodies-and-trans-corporeality (accessed May 15, 2017).Google Scholar
Alaimo, Stacy. “Trans-corporeal Feminisms and the Ethical Space of Nature.” In Material Feminisms, edited by Alaimo, Stacy and Hekman, Susan J., 237–64. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Albritton, Vicky, and Jonsson, Frederik Albritton. Green Victorians: The Simple Life in John Ruskin's Lake District. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Albritton Jonsson, Frederik. “Political Economy.” In Historicism and the Human Sciences in Victorian Britain, edited by Bevir, Mark, 186210. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Allawaert, Monique. Ariel's Ecology: Plantations, Personhood, and Colonialism in the American Tropics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Armstrong, Carol. “Cameraless: From Natural Illustrations and Nature Prints to Manual and Photogenic Drawings and Other Botanographies.” In Ocean Flowers: Impressions from Nature, edited by Armstrong, Carol and de Zegher, Catherine, 87180. New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 2004.Google Scholar
Atkins, Anna. “Introduction.” In Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions. Halstead Place, Sevenoaks, England: [Anna Atkins], 1843–53, https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47d9-4b3b-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 (accessed May 13, 2017).Google Scholar
Barad, Karen. Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Bennett, Jane. The Enchantment of Modern Life: Attachments, Crossings, and Ethics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Bennett, Jane. Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Bleichmar, Daniela. Visible Empire: Botanical Expeditions and Visual Culture in the Hispanic Enlightenment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Blouin, Francis X., and Rosenberg, William G.. “Introduction: Part III: Archives and Social Memory.” In Archives, Documentation, and Institutions of Social Memory: Essays from the Sawyer Seminar, edited by Blouin, Francis X. and Rosenberg, William G., 165–68. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Blouin, Francis X., and Rosenberg, William G.. Processing the Past: Contesting Authority in History and the Archives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Bolick, Margaret R.Women and Plants in Nineteenth-Century America.” In A Flowering of Quilts, edited by Crews, Patricia Cox, 19. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Chaplin, A. H. GK: 150 Years of the General Catalogue of Printed Books in the British Museum. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Coole, Diana, and Frost, Samantha. “Introducing the New Materialisms.” In New Materialisms: Ontology, Agency, and Politics, edited by Coole, Diana and Frost, Samantha, 146. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Corbett, Mary Jean, and Luftig, Victor. “Sun Gardens: Victorian Photograms” (review). Women's Studies International Forum (April 1987): 220.Google Scholar
Crutzen, Paul J., and Stoermer, Eugene F.. “The Anthropocene.” The International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme Newsletter 41 (2000): 1718.Google Scholar
Daly, Nicola. The Demographic Imagination and the Nineteenth-Century City: Paris, London, New York. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Darms, Lisa. “The Archival Object: A Memoir of Disintegration.Archivaria 67 (2009): 143–55.Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine. “The Sciences of the Archive.” Osiris 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 156–87.Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine, and Galison, Peter. Objectivity. Cambridge: Zone Books, 2007.Google Scholar
Denning, Laura. Autobotanography. Dartington Hall, Devon Gardens Trust, 2013.Google Scholar
DeSilvey, Caitlin. “Observed Decay: Telling Stories with Mutable Things.” Journal of Material Culture 11, no. 3 (2006): 318–38.Google Scholar
Dolphijn, Rick, and vad der Tuin, Iris. New Materialism: Interviews and Cartographies. Ann Arbor: Open Humanities Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Eliot, George. “Recollections of Ilfracombe.” In George Eliot's Life as Related in Her Letters and Journals, edited by Cross, J. W., 1:300308. Boston: Dana Estes, 1898.Google Scholar
Ewing, Juliana. “At Home and at Sea—A Ballad.” In Revealing New Worlds: Three Victorian Women Naturalists, by Le-May Sheffield, Suzanne, 53. London: Routledge, 2001.Google Scholar
Feuerstein, Anna. “Falling in Love with Seaweeds: The Seaside Environments of George Eliot and G. H. Lewes.” In Victorian Writers and the Environment: Ecocritical Perspectives, edited by Mazzeno, Laurence W. and Morrison, Ronald D., 188204. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017.Google Scholar
Gatty, Margaret. British Sea-weeds Drawn from Professor Harvey's “Phycologica Britannica.” Vol. 1. London: Bell and Daldy, 1872.Google Scholar
Gibson, James J.Theories of Affordances.” In The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979.Google Scholar
Griffiths, Devin. The Age of Analogy: Science and Literature between the Darwins. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Griffiths, Devin. “The Radical's Catalogue: Antonio Panizzi, Virginia Woolf, and the British Museum Library's Catalogue of Printed Books.” Book History 18 (2015): 134–65.Google Scholar
Haraway, Donna. The Companion Species Manifesto. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Haraway, Donna. Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Harley, Alexis. Autobiologies: Darwin and the Natural History of the Self. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Herschel, John. “On the Action of the Solar Spectrum on Vegetable Colors, and on Some New Photographic Processes.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 132 (1842): 181214.Google Scholar
Herschel, John. “On the Chemical Action of the Rays of the Solar Spectrum on Preparations of Silver and Other Substances, Both Metallic and Non-Metallic, and on Some Photographic Processes.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 130 (1840): 159.Google Scholar
Hirsch, Robert. Seizing the Light: A Social and Aesthetic History of Photography. Waltham: Focal Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Horne, Thomas Hartwell. Outlines for the Classification of a Library: Respectfully Submitted to the Consideration of the Trustees of the British Museum. London: G. Woodfall, 1825.Google Scholar
Hunt, Stephen E. “‘Free, Bold, Joyous’: The Love of Seaweed in Margaret Gatty and Other Mid-Victorian Writers.Environment and History 11, no. 1 (2005): 534.Google Scholar
Iovino, Serenella. “Material Ecocriticism: Matter, Text, and Posthuman Ethics.” In Literature, Ecology, Ethics: Recent Trends in European Ecocriticism, edited by Muller, T. and Sauter, M., 5168. Heidelberg: Winter Verlag, 2012.Google Scholar
Is Botany a Suitable Study for Young Men?Science 9, no. 209 (1887): 116–17.Google Scholar
Joy, Eileen. “Blue.” In Prismatic Ecology: Eco-theory Beyond Green, edited by Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome, 213–32. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Kelley, Theresa M. Clandestine Marriage: Botany and Romantic Culture. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Klos, Sheila. “Sun Gardens: Victorian Photograms” (review). Art Documentation (1986): 95.Google Scholar
Landsborough, David. Treasures of the Deep, of Specimens of Scottish Seaweed. Glasgow: n.p., 1847.Google Scholar
Levine, Caroline. Forms: Whole, Rhythm, Hierarchy, Network. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Levine, George. Dying to Know: Scientific Epistemology and Narrative in Victorian England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Lindley, John. An Introductory Lecture Delivered in the University of London on Thursday 30 April 1829. London: University of London, 1829.Google Scholar
Lowenhaupt Tsing, Anna. The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Lowenhaupt Tsing, Anna, Swanson, Heather Anne, Gan, Elaine, and Bubandt, Nils, eds. “Introduction: Haunted Landscapes of the Anthropocene.” In Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet, 115. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017.Google Scholar
MacDuffie, Allen. Victorian Literature, Energy, and the Ecological Imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Marcus, Sharon. Between Women: Friendship, Desire, and Marriage in Victorian England. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Marder, Michael. Plant-Thinking: A Philosophy of Vegetal Life. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Marder, Michael, and Tondeur, Anaïs. The Chernobyl Herbarium: Fragments of an Exploded Consciousness. London: Open Humanities Press, 2016.Google Scholar
McOuat, Gordon. “Cataloguing Power: Delineating ‘Competent Naturalists’ and the Meaning of Species in the British Museum.” British Journal of the History of Science 34 (2001): 128.Google Scholar
Millar, Laura. Archives: Principles and Practices. London: Facet, 2010.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Robert. Experimental Life: Vitalism in Romantic Science and Literature. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Muller, Samuel, Feith, J. A., and Fruin, R.. Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archives, translated by Leavitt, Arthur H.. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1940.Google Scholar
Nayar, Pramod K.Autobiogenography: Genomes and Life Writing.” a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 31, no. 3 (2016): 509–25.Google Scholar
On the Utility to Botany.The London Medical and Physical Journal 11 (1804): 368–72.Google Scholar
Palgrave, Francis, Maxwell Lyte, H. C., Hardy, William, and Hardy, William Duffers. The First Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records. London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1840–41.Google Scholar
Peterson, Linda. Victorian Autobiography: The Tradition of Self-Interpretation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Piggott, Michael. Archives and Societal Provenance. Cambridge: Chandos, 2012.Google Scholar
Plotz, John. “The Victorian Anthropocene.” Australasian Journal of Ecocriticism and Cultural Ecology 4 (2014): 5264.Google Scholar
Rigby, Kate. “Ecocriticism.” In Introducing Criticism at the Twenty-first Century, edited by Wolfreys, J., 151–78. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Schaaf, Larry J. Sun Gardens: Victorian Photograms. New York: Aperture, 1985.Google Scholar
Senchyne, Jonathan. “Vibrant Material Textuality: New Materialism, Book History, and the Archive in Paper.” Studies in Romanticism 57, no. 1 (2018): 6785.Google Scholar
Shteir, Ann B. Cultivating Women, Cultivating Science: Flora's Daughters and Botany in England, 1760 to 1860. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Silverman, Kaja. The Miracle of Analogy, or, The History of Photography, Part 1. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Smith, Shawn Michelle. Photography of the Color Line: W. E. B. Du Bois, Race, and Visual Culture. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Swanstrom, Elizabeth, Animal, Vegetable, Digital: Experiments in New Media Aesthetics and Environmental Poetics. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Sweeney, Shelley. “The Ambiguous Origins of the Archival Principle of ‘Provenance.’” Libraries and the Cultural Record 43, no. 2 (2008): 193213.Google Scholar
Talbot, William Henry Fox. The Pencil of Nature. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1844.Google Scholar
Taylor, Hugh A.Recycling the Past: The Archivist in the Age of Ecology.” In Imagining Archives: Essays and Reflections, edited by Cook, Terry and Dodds, Gordon, 198212. Lanham: Society of American Archivists and Association of Canadian Archivists, 2003.Google Scholar
Taylor, Jesse Oak. The Sky of Our Manufacture: The London Fog in British Fiction from Dickens to Woolf. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Tonna, Charlotte. Chapters on Flowers. London: R. B. Seeley & W. Burnside, 1836.Google Scholar
Tuma, Kathryn A.The Victorian ‘Book of Nature’: Modeling, Mimesis, and the Community of Forms.” In Ocean Flowers: Impressions from Nature, edited by Armstrong, Carol and de Zegher, Catherine, 215–43. New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 2004.Google Scholar
Wakefield, Priscilla. Introduction to Botany: In a Series of Familiar Letters. Boston: J. Belcher, 1811.Google Scholar
Ware, Mike. Cyanomicon: History, Science and Art of Cyanotype: Photographic Printing in Prussian Blue. Buxton: www.mikeware.co.uk, 2014.Google Scholar
Youmans, Greg. “Elsa Gidlow's Garden: Plants, Archives, and Queer History.” In Out of the Closet, Into the Archives: Researching Sexual Histories, edited by Stone, Amy L. and Cantrell, Jaime, 99124. Albany: SUNY Press, 2015.Google Scholar