Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T00:54:26.511Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chaff collection reduces seed dispersal of wild oat (Avena fatua) by a combine harvester

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Steven J. Shirtliffe  and
Martin H. Entz
Martin H. Entz
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Combine harvesters have the potential to disperse weed seeds great distances. Reducing this dispersal may be important in an integrated weed management system. The objectives of this study were to determine the distance that wild oat seeds are dispersed by a combine harvester and the effect of chaff collection on combine harvester seed dispersal. This was measured by sampling wild oat seeds at varying distances behind a combine equipped with a removable chaff collection system after it passed through a wild oat patch. Chaff collection consistently reduced the amount and distance that wild oat seeds were dispersed. This occurred because more than 74% of the total wild oat seed that were ejected from the combine were in the chaff. Because most of the chaff falls in a row directly behind the combine, chaff collection only affected dispersal in this area. In 1996, chaff collection reduced wild oat seed dispersal past the wild oat patch to less than 10 seeds m−2 at 45 m, whereas without chaff collection, there was greater than 10 seeds m−2 up to 145 m. At distances beyond 145 m, chaff collection had no significant effect on seed dispersal. Chaff collection may be an important tool in an integrated weed management program because it may slow weed invasions and reduce the expansion of weed patches.

Keywords

Wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFAIntegrated weed managementseed catchingspatial dynamicsweed patches
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 53 , Issue 4 , August 2005 , pp. 465 - 470
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ballaré, C. L., Scopel, A. L., Ghersa, C. M., and Sanchez, R. A. 1987. The demography of Datura ferox (L.) in soybean crops. Weed Res 27:91–102.Google Scholar
Bauer, A. and Black, A. L. 1989. Effect of Windrowing Spring Wheat at Different Stages of Maturity on Agronomic Characteristics. Fargo, ND: North Dakota Agricultural Experimental Station Bull. 588.Google Scholar
Bourgeois, L. and Morrison, I. N. 1997. A survey of ACCase inhibitor resistant wild oat in a high risk township in Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci 77:703–708.Google Scholar
Colliver, C. T., Maxwell, B. D., Tyler, D. A., Roberts, D. W., and Long, D. S. 1996. Georeferencing wild oat infestations in small grains: accuracy and efficiency of three weed survey techniques. Pages 453–463 in Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference. Minneapolis, MN: Precision Agriculture.Google Scholar
Cousens, R. and Mortimer, M. 1995. Dispersal within and between populations. Pages 81–85 in Dynamics of Weed Populations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, M. and Reed, W. B. 1974. Distribution of wild oat seeds during cereal crop swathing and combining. in Proceeding of the 1974 Annual Meeting of Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, Paper No. 74-303. Ste. Foy, QC, Canada: Laval University.Google Scholar
Fogelfors, H. 1982. Collection of chaff, awns and straw when combining and its influence on the seed bank and the composition of the weed flora. Pages 339–345 in Weeds and Weed Control: 23rd Swedish Weed Conference. Upssala, Sweden: Department of Plant Husbandry and Research Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Science.Google Scholar
Ghersa, C. M., Martinez-Ghersa, M. A., Satorre, E. H., VanEsso, M. L., and Chichotky, G. 1993. Seed dispersal, distribution and recruitment of seedlings of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Weed Res 33:79–88.Google Scholar
Heap, I. A., Murray, B. G., Loeppky, H. A., and Morrison, I. N. 1993. Resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione herbicides in wild oat (Avena fatua). Weed Sci 41:232–238.Google Scholar
Howard, C. L., Mortimer, A. M., Gould, P., and Putwain, P. D. 1991. The dispersal of weeds: seed movement in arable agriculture. Pages 821–828 in Proceedings of the 1991 Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Weeds. Croydon, UK: British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Hunt, D. 1977. Farm Power and Machinery Management. Laboratory Manual and Workbook. 7th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Lovett-Doust, L. 1981. Population dynamics and local specialization in a clonal perennial (Ranunculus repens). I. The dynamics of ramets in contrasting habitats. J. Ecol 69:743–745.Google Scholar
Matthews, J. M., Llewellyn, R., Reeves, T. G., Jaeschke, R., and Powles, S. B. 1996. Catching weed seeds at harvest: A method to reduce annual weed populations. Pages 684–685 in 8th Australian Agronomy Conference, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba. Toowoomba, Australia: Australian Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
McCanny, S. J. and Cavers, P. B. 1988. Spread of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in Ontario, Canada. II. Dispersal by combines. Weed Res 28:67–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metz, R. 1969. Die Weiterverbreitung der Karyopsen von Wildhafer (Avena fatua) sowie Möglichkeiten der Hofhygiene zur Vernichtung und Besietigung der Wildhaferfrüchte. Nachrbl. Dtsch. Pflanzenschutzd. (Berl.) 24:85–88.Google Scholar
Ominski, P. D., Entz, M. H., and Kenkel, N. 1999. Weed suppression by Medicago sativa in subsequent cereal crops: a comparative survey. Weed Sci 47:282–290.Google Scholar
Petzold, K. 1955. Combine harvesting and weeds. J. Agric. Eng. Res 1:178–181.Google Scholar
Rew, L. J. and Cussans, G. W. 1995. Patch ecology and dynamics—how much do we know?. Pages 1059–1068 in Proceedings of the 1995 Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Weeds. Croydon, UK: British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Shaner, G. and Finney, R. E. 1977. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the expression of slow-mildewing resistance in Knox wheat. Phytopathology 67:1051–1056.Google Scholar
Shellard, J. E. and Macmillan, R. H. 1978. Aerodynamic properties of threshed wheat materials. J. Agric. Eng. Res 23:273–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirtliffe, S. J., Entz, M. H., and Van Acker, R. C. 2000. Avena fatua development and seed shatter as related to thermal time. Weed Sci 48:555–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirtliffe, S. J., Kenkel, N. C., and Entz, M. H. 2002. Fractal analysis of seed dispersal and spatial pattern in wild oats. Community Ecol 3:101–107.Google Scholar
Thornton, P. K., Fawcett, R. H., Dent, J. B., and Perkins, T. J. 1990. Spatial weed distribution and economic thresholds for weed control. Crop Prot 9:337–342.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. B. and Lee, W. G. 1989. Infiltrative invasion. Funct. Ecol 3:379–380.Google Scholar