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Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor–resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) from Nebraska is multiple herbicide resistant: confirmation, mechanism of resistance, and management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 July 2019

Debalin Sarangi Open the ORCID record for Debalin Sarangi [Opens in a new window] ,
Trey Stephens ,
Abigail L. Barker ,
Eric L. Patterson ,
Todd A. Gaines Open the ORCID record for Todd A. Gaines [Opens in a new window]  and
Amit J. Jhala Open the ORCID record for Amit J. Jhala [Opens in a new window]
Debalin Sarangi
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; current: Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, Powell Research and Extension Center, Powell, WY, USA
Trey Stephens
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Abigail L. Barker
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Eric L. Patterson
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Todd A. Gaines
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Amit J. Jhala*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 279 Plant Science Hall, PO Box 830915 Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Amit J. Jhala, Email: Amit.Jhala@unl.edu
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Abstract

A waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer] biotype (designated as “NER”) collected from a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production field in eastern Nebraska survived the POST application of fomesafen at the labeled rate. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the level of resistance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors (acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen) applied POST, (2) determine the mechanism of PPO-inhibitor resistance in the NER biotype, (3) determine whether NER possessed multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-, and photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides, and (4) control NER with POST soybean herbicides. A whole-plant dose–response bioassay revealed that the NER biotype was 4- to 6-fold resistant to PPO-inhibiting herbicides depending on the known susceptible biotype (S1 or S2) used for comparison. A Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP™) assay was developed and performed for rapid and robust detection of the ΔG210 mutation (deletion of a codon) in the PPX2L gene. All samples of the NER biotype tested positive for the ΔG210 mutation. Dose–response bioassays confirmed that the NER biotype was resistant to three additional herbicide sites of action. Chlorimuron and imazethapyr, both ALS inhibitors, applied at 32X the labeled rate resulted in <80% reduction in the aboveground biomass of the NER biotype. The same biotype was 3- and 7-fold resistant to glyphosate (EPSPS inhibitor) and atrazine (PSII inhibitor), respectively. Glufosinate, 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate, and dicamba were the only soybean POST herbicides that controlled NER effectively (≥92% aboveground biomass reduction). Amaranthus tuberculatus is the first confirmed weed species in Nebraska to evolve resistance to four distinct herbicide sites of action, leaving no POST herbicide choice for effective control in glyphosate-resistant and conventional (non-transgenic) soybean.

Keywords

Christopher Preston, University of AdelaideCodon deletiondiphenylethergenotypingmechanism of actionresistance managementsite of action
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 67 , Issue 5 , September 2019 , pp. 510 - 520
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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