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Carrier Volume is More Likely to Impact Trifluralin Efficiency than Crop Residue

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Catherine P. D. Borger ,
Glen P. Riethmuller ,
Michael Ashworth ,
David Minkey  and
Abul Hashem
Catherine P. D. Borger*
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, P.O. Box 432 Merredin, WA Australia 6415
Glen P. Riethmuller
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, P.O. Box 432 Merredin, WA Australia 6415
Michael Ashworth
Affiliation:
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, WA Australia 6009
David Minkey
Affiliation:
Western Australian No-Tillage Farmers Association, Leeuwin Centre CSIRO, Private Bag 5 Wembley, WA Australia 6913
Abul Hashem
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, P.O. Box 483 Northam, WA Australia 6401
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: catherine.borger@agric.wa.gov.au.
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Abstract

PRE herbicides are generally less effective in conservation farming systems because of high levels of crop residue. However, performance can be improved if the herbicides are applied with a high carrier volume. This research investigated the interaction of carrier volume and row spacing or height of crop residue on the control of rigid ryegrass with trifluralin, at Cunderdin and Wongan Hills Western Australia. To create plots with varying residue row spacing in 2011, wheat was seeded in 2010 using a narrow row spacing (25 or 22 cm at Cunderdin and Wongan Hills), wide spacing (50 or 44 cm), or not planted to wheat. Narrow or wide row spacing or no crop plots had an average residue biomass of 4480, 3560, and 2430 kg ha−1 at Cunderdin and 1690, 1910, and 1030 kg ha−1 at Wongan Hills. To vary residue height, the wheat was harvested to produce tall, medium, or short crop residue (22, 13, and 5 cm at Cunderdin and 27, 22, and 17 cm at Wongan Hills). Rigid ryegrass seeds were broadcast onto each site in 2011 and trifluralin was sprayed using 50, 75, or 100 L ha−1 carrier volume (directly prior to seeding). Increased carrier volume increased spray coverage at both sites (average cover of 9, 15, and 26% at 50, 75, and 100 L ha−1), leading to improved control of rigid ryegrass (68, 75, and 82% control at Cunderdin and 23, 41, and 68% control at Wongan Hills). Reduced crop residue height or increased row spacing led to reduced rigid ryegrass density at Cunderdin but had no impact at Wongan Hills. Therefore, carrier volume has a more consistent impact on the performance of trifluralin than crop residue row spacing or height.

Los herbicidas PRE son generalmente menos efectivos en sistemas de producción con conservación de suelos debido al alto nivel de residuos de cultivo. Sin embargo, se puede mejorar el desempeño de los herbicidas si estos son aplicados usando altos volúmenes. Esta investigación estudió la interacción entre el volumen de aplicación y la distancia entre hileras y la altura del residuo del cultivo sobre el control de Lolium rigidum con trifluralin, en Cunderdin y Wongan Hills en el oeste de Australia. Para crear las parcelas con diferentes distancias entre hileras de residuos en 2011, se sembró trigo en 2010 usando una distancia entre hileras corta (25 ó 22 cm a Cunderdin y Wongan Hills), una distancia larga (50 ó 44 cm), o no se sembró trigo del todo. Las distancias entre hileras corta, larga, y sin cultivo tuvieron un promedio de residuos de biomasa de 4480, 3560, y 2430 kg ha−1 en Cunderdin y 1690, 1910, y 1030 kg ha−1 en Wongan Hills. Para variar la altura del residuo, el trigo se cosechó de tal forma que se generaron residuos de cultivo altos, medianos, o cortos (22, 13, y 5 cm en Cunderdin y 27, 22, y 17 cm en Wongan Hills). La semilla de L. rigidum se esparció sobre el área experimental en cada localidad en 2011 y se aplicó trifluralin usando 50, 75, ó 100 L ha−1 de volumen de aplicación (directamente antes de la siembra). El aumentar el volumen de aplicación incrementó la cobertura de la aplicación en ambas localidades (cobertura promedio de 9, 15, y 26% a 50, 75, y 100 L ha−1), lo que mejoró el control de L. rigidum (68, 75, y 82% de control en Cunderdin, y 23, 41, y 68% de control en Wongan Hills). Una menor altura en los residuos de cultivo o una mayor distancia entre hileras resultó en una menor densidad de L. rigidum, en Cunderdin, pero no afectó en Wongan Hills. De esta forma, el volumen de aplicación tiene una impacto más consistente en el desempeño de trifluralin que la distancia entre hileras o la altura del residuo del cultivo

Keywords

Trifluralinrigid ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaudinwheat, Triticum aestivum L.Crop stubble biomassminimum tillage seeding systemno tillage seeding systemwater ratewater sensitive paperweed control
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 1 , March 2015 , pp. 63 - 70
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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