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⁴⁸ Joshua A. Fishman's lectures at the Linguistic Institute, July-August 1977, helped me to understand the transformation of language group to identity group into control group.

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⁵² On this subject, I have benefited from Henry and Renee Kahane, “The Decline and Hidden Survival of Prestige Languages” (Papers of the 1978 Georgetown University Round Table, forthcoming).

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