Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-7qhmt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T07:33:38.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients for broilers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

A. Lemme*
Affiliation:
Feed Additives, Degussa AG, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau, Germany
V. Ravindran
Affiliation:
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
W.L. Bryden
Affiliation:
School of Animal Studies, University of Queensland, Gatton QLD 4343, Australia
*
*Corresponding author: e-mail: andreas.lemme@degussa.com
Get access

Abstract

To more precisely formulate feed and predict animal performance, it is important to base both the recommendations and feed formulations on digestible rather than total amino acid contents. Most published data on the digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients for poultry are based on excreta digestibility. Ileal digestibility is an alternative and preferred approach to estimate amino acid availability in feed ingredients. Both methodologies are described and assessed. In addition, the differences between apparent and standardised (in which corrections are made for basal endogenous losses) digestible amino acid systems are discussed. The concept of a standardised digestibility system as a mean of overcoming the limitations of apparent digestibility estimates is proposed. In this context, different methodologies for the determination of basal endogenous amino acid losses are discussed. Although each methodology suffers from some limitations and published data on endogenous losses at the ileal level in growing poultry are limited, averaged data from repeated experiments using the ‘enzymatically hydrolysed casein’ method are considered as the best measure of basal losses. Standardised ileal amino acid digestibility values of 17 feed ingredients commonly used in broiler nutrition are presented including grains (barley, corn, sorghum, triticale, wheat), grain by-products (wheat middlings, rice pollard), plant protein sources (soybean meal, canola meal, corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal, lupins, peas/beans, sunflower meal), and animal by-products (feather meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal). This comprehensive set of the ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients in broiler nutrition may serve as a basis for the establishment of the system in broiler feeding and for further research.

Type
Reviews
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angkanaporn, K., Ravindran, V. and Bryden, W.L. (1996) Additivity of apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibilities in soybean meal, sunflower meal and meat and bone meal for broilers. Poultry Science 75: 10981103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, D.H. (1994) Ideal amino acid profile for maximal protein accretion and minimal nitrogen excretion in swine and poultry. In: ‘Proceedings of the Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers’.: 134139. (Rochester: New York.).Google Scholar
Baker, D.H. (1996) Advances in amino acid nutrition and metabolism of swine and poultry. In: ‘Nutrient Management of Food Animals to Enhance and Protect the Environment’. (Ed. Kornegay, E. T.): 1122. (CRC Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, FLM.).Google Scholar
Bragg, D.B., Ivy, C.A. and Stephenson, E.L. (1969) Methods for determining amino acid availability of feeds. Poultry Science 48: 21352137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryden, W.L., Hew, L.I. and Ravindran, V. (2000) Digestible amino acid values: variation and application. Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium 12: 5158.Google Scholar
Bryden, W.L. and Li, X. (2003) Prediction of amino acid digestibility of complete broiler diets. Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium 15: 67.Google Scholar
Butts, C.A., Moughan, P.J., Smith, W.C., Reynolds, G.W. and Garrick, D.J. (1993) The effect of food dry matter intake on the endogenous ileal amino acid extraction determined under peptide alimentation in the 50 kg liveweight pig. Journal Science Food Agriculture 62: 235243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esteve-Garcia, E., Caparo, E. and Brufau, J. (1993) Formulation with total versus digestible amino acids. Proceedings 9th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, 5–9 September, Jelenia Góra, Poland. 318–328.Google Scholar
Fernandez, S.R., Zhang, Y. and Parsons, C.M. (1995) Dietary formulation with cottonseed meal on a total amino acid versus a digestible amino acid basis. Poultry Science 74: 11681179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halevy, O., Geyra, A., Barak, M., Uni, Z. and Sklan, D. (2000) Early posthatch starvation decreases satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle growth in chicks. Journal Nutrition 130: 858864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, K., Bryden, W.L., Ravindran, V. and Li, X. (2000) Ileal protein digestibility of selected feedstuffs determined with adult cockerels, layers and broilers. Asian-Australian Journal Animal Science 13 (Suppl. A): 137.Google Scholar
Jansman, A.J.M., Smink, W., Van Leeuwen, P. and Rademacher, M. (2002) Evaluation through literature data of the amount and amino acid composition of basal endogenous crude protein at the terminal ileum of pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 98: 4960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karakas, P., Versteegh, H.A.J., Van Der Honing, Y., Kogut, J. and Jongbloed, A.W. (2001) Nutritive value of the meat and bone meals from cattle or pigs in broiler diets. Poultry Science 80: 11801189.Google Scholar
Lemme, A. (2003a) The “Ideal Protein Concept” in broiler nutrition 1. Methodological aspects – opportunities and limitations. AminoNews™ 4 (1): 714.Google Scholar
Lemme, A. (2003b) The “Ideal Protein Concept”4 in broiler nutrition 2. Experimental data on varying dietary Ideal Protein levels. AminoNews™ 4 (2): 714.Google Scholar
Mclelland, J. (1979) Digestive system. In: ‘Form and Function in Birds’. Eds. King, A.S. and Mclelland, J., Volume 1, pp. 69181London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Mcnab, J. (1995) Amino acid digestibilities: Determination and application to poultry. In: ‘Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 1995’. Eds. Rowe, J.B. and NOLAN, J.V. , University of New England:Armidale, NSW: 713.Google Scholar
O'Dell, B.L., Woods, W.D., Laerdal, O.A., Jeffay, A.M. and Savage, J.E. (1960) Distribution of the major nitrogenous compounds and amino acids in chicken urine. Poultry Science 39: 426432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, C.M. (1986) Determination of digestible and available amino acids in meat meal using conventional and caecectomized cockerels or chick growth assays. British Journal Nutrition 56: 227240.Google Scholar
Parsons, C.M., Hashimoto, K., Wedekind, K.J., Han, Y. and Baker, D.H. (1992) Effect of overprocessing on availability of amino acids and energy in soybean meal. Poultry Science 71: 133140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perttilä, S., Valaja, J., Partanen, K., Jalava, T. and Venäläinen, E. (2001a) Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in protein feedstuffs and diet formulation based on total versus digestible amino acids for poultry. Proceedings 13th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, 30 Sept. – 04. Oct., Blankenberge, Belgium. 281–282.Google Scholar
Perttilä, S., Valaja, J., Partanen, K., Jalava, T., Kiiskinen, T. and Palander, S. (2001b) Effects of preservation method and β-glucanase supplementation on ileal amino acid digestibility and feeding value of barley for poultry. British Poultry Science 42: 218229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravindran, V., Hew, L.I. and Bryden, W.L. (1998) ‘Digestible Amino Acids in Poultry Feedstuffs’ (Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation: Canberra and Poultry Research Foundation: The University of Sydney, Camden).Google Scholar
Ravindran, V. and Bryden, W.L. (1999) Amino acid availability in poultry – in vitro and in vivo measurements. Australian Journal Agricultural Research 50: 889908.Google Scholar
Ravindran, V., Hew, L.I., Ravindran, G. and Bryden, W.L. (1999) A comparison of ileal digesta and excreta analysis for the determination of amino acid digestibility in food ingredients for poultry. British Poultry Science 40: 266274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodehutscord, M., Kapocius, M., Timmler, R. and Dieckmann, A. (2004) Linear regression approach to study amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 45: 8592.Google Scholar
Rostagno, H.S., Pupa, J.M.R. and Pack, M. (1995) Diet formulation for broilers based on total versus digestible amino acids. Journal Applied Poultry Research 4: 293299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, T.A. and Boldaji, F. (1997) Comparison of inert markers (Chromic oxide or insoluble ash (Celite™TM)) for determining apparent metabolizable energy of wheat- or barley-based broiler diets with or without enzymes. Poultry Science 76: 594598.Google Scholar
Short, F.J., Wiseman, J. and Boorman, K.N. (1999) Application of a method to determine ileal digestibility in broilers of amino acids in wheat. Animal Feed Science Technology 79: 195209.Google Scholar
Skurray, G.R. (1974) The nutritional evaluation of meats meals for poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 30: 129136.Google Scholar
SIBBALD, I.R. (1979) A bioassay for available amino acids and true metabolizable energy in feedingstuffs. Poultry Science 58: 668–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ten Doeschate, R.A.H.M., Scheele, C.W., Schreurs, V.V.A.M. and Van Der Klis, J.D. (1993) Digestibility studies in broilers chicks: Influence of genotype, age, sex and method of determination. British Poultry Science 34: 131146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terpstra, K. (1978) Total and digestible amino acids. Proceedings 2nd European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Beekbergen, The Netherlands. pp. 97–101.Google Scholar
Vieira, S.L. and Moran, E.T. Jr. (1999) Effects of egg origin and chick post-hatch nutrition on broiler live performance and meat yields. World's Poultry Science Journal 55: 125142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cremers, S. (2002) Untersuchungen zur scheinbaren und wahren ilealen Protein- und minosäurenverdaulichkeit von Fleisch-Knochen-Mehlen beim wachsenden Huhn und Methodenvergleich zur Bestimmung der endogenen Aminosäurenverluste, PhD Thesis, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Figares, I., Nieto, R., Prieto, C. the late, and Aguilera, C. (2002) Estimation of endogenous amino acid losses in growing chickens given soybean meal supplemented or not with DLmethionine. Animal Science 75: 415426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgkinson, S.M. and Moughan, P.J. (2000) Amino acids – The collection of ilea digesta and characterisation of the endogenous component. In: Feed evaluation – principles and practise. Edited by Moughan, P.J.Verstegen, M.W.A., and Visser-Reyneveld, M.I., Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands. pp. 105124.Google Scholar
Kadim, I.T., Moughan, P.J. and Ravindran, V. (2002) Ileal amino acid digestibility assay for the growing meat chicken – comparison of ileal and excreta amino acid digestibility in the chicken. British Poultry Science 44: 588597.Google Scholar
Perez, L., Fernandez-Figares, I., Nieto, R., Aguilera, J.F. and Prieto, C. (1993) Amino acid ileal digestibility of some grain legume seeds in growing chickens. Animal Production 56: 261267.Google Scholar
Ravindran, V., Hew, L.I. and Bryden, W.L. (2000) Comparison of methodologies to estimate endogenous amino acid losses in poultry. Proceedings Australian Poultry Science Symposium 12: 197.Google Scholar
Rostagno, H.S. (2000) Degussa Trial (93 53 99002), Unpublished data.Google Scholar
Rutherfurd, S.M., Chung, T.K. and Moughan, P.J. (2002) The effect of microbial phytase on ileal phosphorus and amino acid digestibility in the broiler chicken. British Poultry Science 44: 598606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siriwan, P., Bryden, W.L. and Annison, E.F. (1994) Use of guanidinated dietary protein to measure losses of endogenous amino acids in poultry. British Poultry Science 71: 515529.Google Scholar
Siriwan, P., Bryden, W.L., Mollah, Y. and Annison, E.F. (1993) Measurement of endogenous amino acid losses in poultry. British Poultry Science 34: 939949.Google Scholar
Ali, M.A. and Leeson, S. (1995) The nutritive value of some indigenous Asian poultry feed ingredients. Animal Feed Science Technology 55: 227237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esteve-Garcia, E., Caparo, E. and Brufau, J. (1993) Formulation with total versus digestible amino acids. Proceedings 9th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, 5–9 September, Jelenia Góra, Poland, pp. 318–328.Google Scholar
Karakas, P., Versteegh, H.A.J., Van Der Honing, Y., KOGUT, J. and JONGBLOED, A.W. (2001) Nutritive value of the meat and bone meals from cattle or pigs in broiler diets. Poultry Science 80: 11801189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemme, A., Cremers, S., Pallauf, J., Rostagno, H.S., Pack, M. and Petri, A. (2001) Apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibility of vegetable and animal protein of different origin in broilers. 13th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, 30 Sept – 4 Oct., Blankenberge, Belgium. pp.169170.Google Scholar
Newkirk, R.W. and Classen, H.L. (2001) Prediction of available amino acid content in canola meal. 22nd Western Nutrition Conference, 25 – 27 Sept, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.Google Scholar
Perez, L., Fernandez-Figares, I., Nieto, R., Aguilera, J.F. and Prieto, C. (1993) Amino acid ileal digestibility of some grain legume seeds in growing chickens. Animal Production 56: 261267.Google Scholar
Perttilä, S., Valaja, J., Partanen, K., Jalava, T., Kiiskinen, T. and Palander, S. (2001b) Effects of preservation method and β-glucanase supplementation on ileal amino acid digestibility and feeding value of barley for poultry. British Poultry Science 42: 218229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodehutscord, M., Kapocius, M., Timmler, R. and Dieckmann, A. (2004) Linear regression approach to study amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 45: 8592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ten Doeschate, R.A.H.M., Scheele, C.W., Schreurs, V.V.A.M. and Van Der Klis, J.D. (1993) Digestibility studies in broilers chicks: Influence of genotype, age, sex and method of determination. British Poultry Science 34: 131146.Google Scholar