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Terminal alpha-d-mannosides are critical during sea urchin gastrulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2016

Heghush Aleksanyan ,
Jing Liang ,
Stan Metzenberg  and
Steven B. Oppenheimer
Heghush Aleksanyan
Affiliation:
Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, California 91330-8303, USA.
Jing Liang
Affiliation:
Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, California 91330-8303, USA.
Stan Metzenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, California 91330-8303, USA.
Steven B. Oppenheimer*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330-8303, USA.
*
All correspondence to: to Steven B. Oppenheimer. Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330-8303, USA. Tel +1 818 677 3336. Fax +1 818 677 2034. E-mail: steven.oppenheimer@csun.edu
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Summary

The sea urchin embryo is a United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) designated model system to study mechanisms that may be involved in human health and disease. In order to examine the importance of high-mannose glycans and polysaccharides in gastrulation, Lytechinus pictus embryos were incubated with Jack bean α-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), an enzyme that cleaves terminal mannose residues that have α1–2-, α1–3-, or α1–6-glycosidic linkages. The enzyme treatment caused a variety of morphological deformations in living embryos, even with α-mannosidase activities as low as 0.06 U/ml. Additionally, formaldehyde-fixed, 48-hour-old L. pictus embryos were microdissected and it was demonstrated that the adhesion of the tip of the archenteron to the roof of the blastocoel in vitro is abrogated by treatment with α-mannosidase. These results suggest that terminal mannose residues are involved in the adhesion between the archenteron and blastocoel roof, perhaps through a lectin-like activity that is not sensitive to fixation.

Keywords

ArchenteronBlastocoel roofGastrulationd-Mannoseα-MannosidaseSea urchin
Type
Research Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 24 , Issue 5 , October 2016 , pp. 775 - 782
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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