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Prey Body Size and Ranking in Zooarchaeology: Theory, Empirical Evidence, and Applications from the Northern Great Basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jack M. Broughton ,
Michael D. Cannon ,
Frank E. Bayham  and
David A. Byers
Jack M. Broughton
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 S. 1400 E., Room 102, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (jack.broughton@anthro.utah.edu)
Michael D. Cannon
Affiliation:
SWCA Environmental Consultants, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
Frank E. Bayham
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico, California 85929-0400
David A. Byers
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri
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Abstract

The use of body size as an index of prey rank in zooarchaeology has fostered a widely applied approach to understanding variability in foraging efficiency. This approach has, however, been critiqued—most recently by the suggestion that large prey have high probabilities of failed pursuits. Here, we clarify the logic and history of using body size as a measure of prey rank and summarize empirical data on the body size-return rate relationship. With few exceptions, these data document strong positive relationships between prey size and return rate. We then illustrate, with studies from the Great Basin, the utility of body size-based abundance indices (e.g., the Artiodactyl Index) when used as one component of multidimensional analyses of prehistoric diet breadth. We use foraging theory to derive predictions about Holocene variability in diet breadth and test those predictions using the Artiodactyl Index and over a dozen other archaeological indices. The results indicate close fits between the predictions and the data and thus support the use of body size-based abundance indices as measures of foraging efficiency. These conclusions have implications for reconstructions of Holocene trends in large game hunting in western North America and for zooarchaeological applications of foraging theory in general.

Resumen

Resumen

El uso del tamaño del cuerpo como un índice de rango presa en zooarqueológico aplicaciones de la teoría del forrajeo ha fomentado un enfoque ampliamente aplicado a la variabilidad de la comprensión en la eficiencia de forrajeo y amplitud de la dieta. Este enfoque ha sido criticado periódicamente, con una preocupación más recientes derivados de los datos etnográficos que sugieren que la presa de gran tamaño puede estar asociado con altas probabilidades de actividades y por lo tanto no las tasas de retorno bajo. En este documento, clarificar la logica y la historia de la utilización de tamaño corporal como una medida de rango de presas y resumir los datos empíricos sobre el tamaño de la relación cuerpo-la tasa de retorno, haciendo hincapié en los artiodáctilos y los lagomorfos. Estos documento de datos fuertes relaciones positivas entre el tamaño de Ias presas y tasa de retorno, con excepciones limitadas a los casos que no incluyen los artiodáctilos, y que se caracterizan por estrechos márgenes de tamaño de Ias presas. A continuación, ilustran con Estudios de caso de Ia cuenca del norte de la Gran la utilidad del tamaño corporal basado en los índices de abundancia (por ejemplo, el índice de Artiodáctilo: ∑ NISP Artiodáctilo/∑[NISP Lagomorfos + Artiodáctilos]) cuando se utilizacomo un componente de análisis multidimensionales de amplitud de Ia dieta prehistórica. En estos Estudios de caso, utilizamos modelos de Ia teoria de forrajeo para obtener predicciones sobre Ia variabilidad del Holoceno en la amplitud de Ia dieta de Ia hipótesis de clima tendências determinadas en la densidad de artiodáctilos. A continuación, prueba de Ias predicciones utilizando el índice de artiodáctilos y más de una docena de otros índices derivados de Ia fauna arqueológica, floral, y ensamblajes de Ia herramienta. Los resultados indican una estrecha encaja entre Ias predicciones y los datos empíricos y con ello proporcionar un fuerte apoyo para la utilización del tamaño corporal basado en los índices de abundância como medidas de eficiência de forrajeo. Estas conclusiones tienen implicaciones de largo alcance no sólo para Ias reconstrucciones de Ias tendencias recientes del Holoceno en la caza mayor y la variabilidad del comportamiento relacionados en el oeste de América del Norte, pero para las aplicaciones de la teoria delforrajeo zooarqueológico en general.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 76 , Issue 3 , July 2011 , pp. 403 - 428
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2011

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