Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T05:55:18.938Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A randomised controlled trial of repeated filmed social contact on reducing mental illness-related stigma in young adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2016

S. Koike ,
S. Yamaguchi ,
Y. Ojio ,
K. Ohta ,
T. Shimada ,
K. Watanabe ,
G. Thornicroft  and
S. Ando
S. Koike*
Affiliation:
Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
S. Yamaguchi
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
Y. Ojio
Affiliation:
Department of Physical and Health Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
K. Ohta
Affiliation:
University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
T. Shimada
Affiliation:
Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
K. Watanabe
Affiliation:
Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
G. Thornicroft
Affiliation:
Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
S. Ando
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagayaku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
*
*Address for correspondence: S. Koike, Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. (Email: skoike-tky@umin.ac.jp)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Aims.

Public stigma alters attitudes towards people with mental illness, and is a particular concern for young people since most mental health problems occur in adolescence and young adulthood. However, little is known about the long-term effects of repeated filmed social contact (FSC) on reducing mental health-related stigma among young adults in the general population, compared with self-instructional Internet search (INS) and control interventions.

Methods.

This study is a parallel-group randomised controlled trial over 12 months conducted in Tokyo, Japan. A total of 259 university students (male n = 150, mean age = 20.0 years, s.d. = 1.2) were recruited from 20 colleges and universities between November 2013 and July 2014, without being provided information about the mental health-related survey or trial. Participants were assigned to one of three groups before completion of the baseline survey (FSC/INS/control = 89/83/87). The FSC group received a computer-based 30-min social contact film with general mental health education and five follow-up web-based FSCs at 2-month intervals. The INS group undertook a 30-min search for mental health-related information with five follow-up web-based reminders for self-instructional searches at 2-month intervals. The control group played PC games and had no follow-up intervention. The main outcome measures were the future (intended behaviour) domain of the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale at 12 months after the intervention. Analysis was conducted in September 2015.

Results.

At the 12-month follow-up, 218 participants completed the survey (84.1%, 75:70:73). The FSC group showed the greatest change at the 12-month follow-up (FSC: mean change 2.11 [95% CI 1.49, 2.73], INS: 1.04 [0.29, 1.80], control: 0.71 [0.09, 1.33]; FSC v. INS p = 0.037, FSC v. controls p = 0.004). No adverse events were reported during the follow-up period.

Conclusions.

FSC was more successful in reducing stigma at 12 months after intervention than INS or control interventions. FSC could be used to reduce stigma in educational lectures and anti-stigma campaigns targeted at young people.

Study registration.

This study is registered at UMIN-CTR (No. UMIN000012239).

Keywords

Health educationmental healthsocial discriminationstigma
Type
Original Articles
Information
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , April 2018 , pp. 199 - 208
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al Ramiah, A, Hewstone, M (2013). Intergroup contact as a tool for reducing, resolving, and preventing intergroup conflict: evidence, limitations, and potential. American Psychologists 68, 527–542.Google Scholar
Ando, S, Yamaguchi, S, Aoki, Y, Thornicroft, G (2013). Review of mental-health-related stigma in Japan. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 67, 471–482.Google Scholar
Birnbaum, ML, Rizvi, AF, Correll, CU, Kane, JM (2015). Role of social media and the Internet in pathways to care for adolescents and young adults with psychotic disorders and non-psychotic mood disorders. Early Intervention in Psychiatry.Google Scholar
Brostrom, G, Holmberg, H (2011). Generalized linear models with clustered data: fixed and random effects models. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 55, 3123–3134.Google Scholar
Brown, SA, Evans, Y, Espenschade, K, O'Connor, M (2010). An examination of two brief stigma reduction strategies: filmed personal contact and hallucination simulations. Community Mental Health Journal 46, 494–499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, M, Shryane, N, Byrne, R, Morrison, AP (2011). A mental health promotion approach to reducing discrimination about psychosis in teenagers. Psychosis – Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches 3, 41–51.Google Scholar
Chisholm, K, Patterson, P, Torgerson, C, Turner, E, Jenkinson, D, Birchwood, M (2016). Impact of contact on adolescents’ mental health literacy and stigma: the SchoolSpace cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 6, e009435.Google Scholar
Clement, S, Jarrett, M, Henderson, C, Thornicroft, G (2010). Messages to use in population-level campaigns to reduce mental health-related stigma: consensus development study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 19, 72–79.Google Scholar
Clement, S, van Nieuwenhuizen, A, Kassam, A, Flach, C, Lazarus, A, de Castro, M, McCrone, P, Norman, I, Thornicroft, G (2012). Filmed v. live social contact interventions to reduce stigma: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 201, 57–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clement, S, Lassman, F, Barley, E, Evans-Lacko, S, Williams, P, Yamaguchi, S, Slade, M, Rusch, N, Thornicroft, G (2013). Mass media interventions for reducing mental health-related stigma. Cochrane Database Systematic Review 7, CD009453.Google Scholar
Corrigan, PW, Shapiro, JR (2010). Measuring the impact of programs that challenge the public stigma of mental illness. Clinical Psychology Review 30, 907–922.Google Scholar
Corrigan, PW, River, LP, Lundin, RK, Penn, DL, Uphoff-Wasowski, K, Campion, J, Mathisen, J, Gagnon, C, Bergman, M, Goldstein, H, Kubiak, MA (2001). Three strategies for changing attributions about severe mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin 27, 187–195.Google Scholar
Corrigan, PW, Rowan, D, Green, A, Lundin, R, River, P, Uphoff-Wasowski, K, White, K, Kubiak, MA (2002). Challenging two mental illness stigmas: personal responsibility and dangerousness. Schizophrenia Bulletin 28, 293–309.Google Scholar
Corrigan, PW, Morris, SB, Michaels, PJ, Rafacz, JD, Rusch, N (2012). Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies. Psychiatric Services 63, 963–973.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, D, Downs, MF, Golberstein, E, Zivin, K (2009). Stigma and help seeking for mental health among college students. Medical Care Research and Review 66, 522–541.Google Scholar
Evans-Lacko, S, Rose, D, Little, K, Flach, C, Rhydderch, D, Henderson, C, Thornicroft, G (2011). Development and psychometric properties of the reported and intended behaviour scale (RIBS): a stigma-related behaviour measure. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 20, 263–271.Google Scholar
Griffiths, KM, Nakane, Y, Christensen, H, Yoshioka, K, Jorm, AF, Nakane, H (2006). Stigma in response to mental disorders: a comparison of Australia and Japan. BMC Psychiatry 6, 21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henderson, C, Thornicroft, G (2009). Stigma and discrimination in mental illness: time to change. Lancet 373, 1928–1930.Google Scholar
Henderson, C, Evans-Lacko, S, Flach, C, Thornicroft, G (2012). Responses to mental health stigma questions: the importance of social desirability and data collection method. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 57, 152–160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horgan, A, Sweeney, J (2010). Young students’ use of the Internet for mental health information and support. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 17, 117–123.Google Scholar
Jorm, AF (2012). Mental health literacy: empowering the community to take action for better mental health. American Psychologist 67, 231–243.Google Scholar
Kanehara, A, Umeda, M, Kawakami, N, World Mental Health Japan Survey Group (2015). Barriers to mental health care in Japan: results from the World Mental Health Japan Survey. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 69, 523–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerby, J, Calton, T, Dimambro, B, Flood, C, Glazebrook, C (2008). Anti-stigma filmes and medical students’ attitudes towards mental illness and psychiatry: randomised controlled trial. Psychiatric Bulletin 32, 345–349.Google Scholar
Kessler, RC, Berglund, P, Demler, O, Jin, R, Merikangas, KR, Walters, EE (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 62, 593–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koike, S, Yamaguchi, S, Ojio, Y, Shimada, T, Watanabe, KI, Ando, S (2015). Long-term effect of a name change for schizophrenia on reducing stigma. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 50, 1519–1526.Google Scholar
Koike, S, Yamaguchi, S, Ohta, K, Ojio, Y, Watanabe, KI, Ando, S (2016 a). Mental health-related stigma among Japanese children and their parents and impact of renaming of schizophrenia. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences in press.Google Scholar
Koike, S, Yamaguchi, S, Ojio, Y, Ohta, K, Ando, S (2016 b). Effect of name change of schizophrenia on mass media between 1985 and 2013 in Japan: a text data mining analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 42, 552–559.Google Scholar
Livingston, JD, Cianfrone, M, Korf-Uzan, K, Coniglio, C (2014). Another time point, a different story: one year effects of a social media intervention on the attitudes of young people towards mental health issues. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 49, 985–990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehta, N, Clement, S, Marcus, E, Stona, AC, Bezborodovs, N, Evans-Lacko, S, Palacios, J, Docherty, M, Barley, E, Rose, D, Koschorke, M, Shidhaye, R, Henderson, C, Thornicroft, G (2015). Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental health-related stigma and discrimination in the medium and long term: systematic review. British Journal of Psychiatry 207, 377–384.Google Scholar
Nemoto, K, Tachikawa, H, Sodeyama, N, Endo, G, Hashimoto, K, Mizukami, K, Asada, T (2007). Quality of Internet information referring to mental health and mental disorders in Japan. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 61, 243–248.Google Scholar
Papish, A, Kassam, A, Modgill, G, Vaz, G, Zanussi, L, Patten, S (2013). Reducing the stigma of mental illness in undergraduate medical education: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medical Education 13, 141.Google Scholar
Patel, V, Flisher, AJ, Hetrick, S, McGorry, P (2007). Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. Lancet 369, 1302–1313.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, TF, Tropp, LR (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology 38, 922–934.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, TF, Tropp, LOR, Wagner, A, Christ, O (2011). Recent advances in intergroup contact theory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35, 271–280.Google Scholar
R Core Team (2014). R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria.Google Scholar
Reavley, NJ, Mackinnon, AJ, Morgan, AJ, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, Hetrick, SE, Killackey, E, Nelson, B, Purcell, R, Yap, MB, Jorm, AF (2012). Quality of information sources about mental disorders: a comparison of Wikipedia with centrally controlled web and printed sources. Psychological Medicine 42, 1753–1762.Google Scholar
Reinke, RR, Corrigan, PW, Leonhard, C, Lundin, RK, Kubiak, MA (2004). Examining two aspects of contact on the stigma of mental illness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23, 377–389.Google Scholar
Rong, Y, Glozier, N, Luscombe, GM, Davenport, TA, Huang, Y, Hickie, IB (2011). Improving knowledge and attitudes towards depression: a controlled trial among Chinese medical students. BMC Psychiatry 11, 36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rusch, N, Thornicroft, G (2014). Does stigma impair prevention of mental disorders? British Journal of Psychiatry 204, 249–251.Google Scholar
Schnittker, J (2008). An uncertain revolution: why the rise of a genetic model of mental illness has not increased tolerance. Social Science & Medicine 67, 1370–1381.Google Scholar
Thornicroft, G (2006). Shunned: Discrimination against People with Mental Illness. Oxford University Press: New York, USA.Google Scholar
Thornicroft, G, Mehta, N, Clement, S, Evans-Lacko, S, Doherty, M, Rose, D, Koschorke, M, Shidhaye, R, O'Reilly, C, Henderson, C (2016). Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination. Lancet 387, 1123–1132.Google Scholar
Woods, DW (2002). The effect of video-based peer education on the social acceptability of adults with Tourette's syndrome. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 14, 51–62.Google Scholar
Woods, DW, Marcks, BA (2005). Controlled evaluation of an educational intervention used to modify peer attitudes and behavior toward persons with Tourette's syndrome. Behavior Modification 29, 900–912.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, S, Wu, SI, Biswas, M, Yate, M, Aoki, Y, Barley, EA, Thornicroft, G (2013). Effects of short-term interventions to reduce mental health-related stigma in university or college students: a systematic review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 201, 490–503.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, S, Koike, S, Watanabe, K, Ando, S (2014). Development of a Japanese version of the reported and intended behaviour scale: reliability and validity. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 68, 448–455.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Koike supplementary material

Koike supplementary material 1

Download Koike supplementary material(File)
File 27.1 KB
Supplementary material: File

Koike supplementary material

Tables S1-S6

Download Koike supplementary material(File)
File 32.4 KB