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Realization of Polymeric Electro-Optic Modulators with Less Than One Volt Drive Voltage Requirement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2011

Cheng Zhang ,
Michael Lee ,
Adam Winklemann ,
Heidi Northcroft ,
Christopher Lindsey ,
Alex K. Y. Jen ,
Timothy Londergan ,
William H. Steier  and
Larry R. Dalton
Cheng Zhang
Affiliation:
Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661, U.S.A
Michael Lee
Affiliation:
Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661, U.S.A
Adam Winklemann
Affiliation:
Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661, U.S.A
Heidi Northcroft
Affiliation:
Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661, U.S.A
Christopher Lindsey
Affiliation:
Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661, U.S.A
Alex K. Y. Jen
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, U.S.A
Timothy Londergan
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, U.S.A
William H. Steier
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0483
Larry R. Dalton
Affiliation:
Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661, U.S.A Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, U.S.A
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Abstract

The roles played by spatially anisotropic intermolecular electrostatic interactions, chromophore shape, host dielectric constant, and poling field strength in defining maximum achievable electro-optic activity for electrically poled chromophore/polymer materials are investigated by equilibrium and Monte-Carlo quantum statistical mechanical calculations. Even simple Hamiltonians reproduce critical qualitative features such as the existence of a maximum in plots of electro-optic activity versus chromophore number density in a polymer matrix. Comparison of theoretical results for various methods provides a useful check on the validity of approximations employed with individual methods. The most significant conclusion to derive from a comparison of experimental and theoretical results is the dependence of maximum achievable electro-optic activity upon chromophore shape. Theoretical calculations suggest a new paradigm for the design of optimum electro-optic chromophores; realization of the desired shapes may be facilitated by dendritic synthetic approaches. In the presence of intermolecular electrostatic interactions, the dependence of electro-optic activity upon material dielectric permittivity and electric poling field strength is more complex than in the absence of such interactions. Of particularly, interest are conditions that lead to second order phase transitions to lattices containing centrically (antiferroelectricallly) ordered chromophore domains. Such phase transitions can lead to further complications in the attempted preparation of device quality materials but can be effectively avoided by utilization of theoretically derived phase diagrams.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 598: Symposium BB – Electrical, Optical, & Magenetic Properties...V , 1999 , BB4.2
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1999

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