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DNA methylation in stress and depression: from biomarker to therapeutics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2021

Amanda J. Sales Open the ORCID record for Amanda J. Sales [Opens in a new window] ,
Francisco S. Guimarães  and
Sâmia R.L. Joca
Amanda J. Sales*
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP14049-900, Brazil
Francisco S. Guimarães
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP14049-900, Brazil Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
Sâmia R.L. Joca*
Affiliation:
Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
*
Author for correspondence: Amanda J. Sales, Email: amanda.sales@usp.br; Sâmia Joca, Email: sjoca@biomed.au.dk
Author for correspondence: Amanda J. Sales, Email: amanda.sales@usp.br; Sâmia Joca, Email: sjoca@biomed.au.dk
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Abstract

Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) have been associated with stress responses and increased vulnerability to depression. Abnormal DNAm is observed in stressed animals and depressed individuals. Antidepressant treatment modulates DNAm levels and regulates gene expression in diverse tissues, including the brain and the blood. Therefore, DNAm could be a potential therapeutic target in depression. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge about the involvement of DNAm in the behavioural and molecular changes associated with stress exposure and depression. We also evaluated the possible use of DNAm changes as biomarkers of depression. Finally, we discussed current knowledge limitations and future perspectives.

Keywords

depressionDNA methylationDNA methyltransferase inhibitorsstressepigenetics
Type
Review Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 33 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 217 - 241
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology

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