Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T10:23:44.145Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Total Transformation’: Why Kant Did Not Give up on Education

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2016

Robert B. Louden*
Affiliation:
University of Southern Maine

Abstract

In this essay I argue that Kant remained committed to the necessity and fundamental importance of education throughout his career. Like Johann Bernhard Basedow (1724–90), Kant holds that a ‘total transformation’ of schools is necessary, and he holds this view not only in the 1770s but in his later years as well. In building my case I try to refute two recent opposing interpretations – Reinhard Brandt’s position that Kant’s early ‘education enthusiasm’ was later replaced by a politics enthusiasm, and Manfred Kuehn’s view that the increasing importance of autonomy in Kant’s mature ethics leads him to de-emphasize education.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© Kantian Review 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aristotle (1890) Ethica Nicomachea, ed. I. Bywater. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Basedow, Johann Bernhard (1965) Ausgewählte pädagogische Schriften , ed. Albert Reble. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh.Google Scholar
Beck, Lewis White (1960) A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Beck, Lewis White (1978) Essays on Kant and Hume. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Bergk, Johann Adam (1801) ‘Ueber die Einschrankung der Freiheit zu Studieren durch die Staat’. Monatschrift für Deutsche; Zur Veredlung der Kenntnise, zur Bildung des Geschmacks, und zu froher Unterhaltung, 1, 316.Google Scholar
Bowen, James (1981) A History of Western Education, vol. 3. New York: St Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Brandt, Reinhard (2007) Die Bestimmung des Menschen bei Kant. Hamburg: Felix Meiner.Google Scholar
Büsching, Anton Friedrich (1776) Wöchentliche Nachrichten von neuen Landcharten, geographischen, statistischen und historischen Büchern und Schriften. Berlin: Haude & Spener.Google Scholar
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (n.d.) Reden an die deutsche Nation. Leipzig: Philipp Reclam.Google Scholar
Herbart, Johann Friedrich (1804) ‘Review of Immanuel Kant über Pädagogik, ed. Friedrich Theodor Rink ’. Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen, 27, 257261.Google Scholar
Herman, Barbara (1998) ‘Training to Autonomy: Kant and the Question of Moral Education’. In Amélie Oksenberg Rorty (ed.), Philosophers on Education: New Historical Perspectives (New York: Routledge), pp. 255272.Google Scholar
Hill, Thomas E. Jr., (2013) ‘Kantian Autonomy and Contemporary Ideas of Autonomy’. In Oliver Sensen (ed.), Kant on Moral Autonomy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 1531.Google Scholar
Johnston, James Scott (2013) Kant’s Philosophy: A Study for Educators. New York: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (1900–) Kants gesammelte Schriften. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (1992–) The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, ed. Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (2004) Vorlesung zur Moralphilosophie, ed. Werner Stark. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kuehn, Manfred (2006) ‘Introduction’. In Immanuel Kant, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View , ed. and trans. Robert B. Louden (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. viixxix.Google Scholar
Kuehn, Manfred (2012) ‘Kant on Education, Anthropology, and Ethics’. In Klas Roth and Chris W. Surprenant (eds), Kant on Education: Interpretations and Commentary (New York: Routledge), pp. 5568.Google Scholar
Lang, Ossian Herbert (1891) Basedow: His Educational Work and Principles (New York: Kellogg.Google Scholar
Leibniz, G. W. (1989) ‘Preface to the New Essays ’. In G. W. Leibniz, Philosophical Essays , ed. Roger Ariew and Daniel Garber (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett), pp. 291306.Google Scholar
Louden, Robert B. (2000) Kant’s Impure Ethics: From Rational Beings to Human Beings. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Louden, Robert B. (2007) The World we Want: How and Why the Ideals of the Enlightenment Still Elude us. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Louden, Robert B. (2009) ‘Making the Law Visible: The Role of Examples in Kant’s Ethics’. In Jens Timmermann (ed.), Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: A Critical Guide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 6381.Google Scholar
Louden, Robert B. (2012a) ‘“Not a Slow Reform, but a Swift Revolution”: Kant and Basedow on the Need to Transform Education’. In Klas Roth and Chris W. Surprenant (eds), Kant on Education: Interpretations and Commentary (New York: Routledge), pp. 3954.Google Scholar
Louden, Robert B. (2012b) ‘Translator’s Introduction’ [to the Menschenkunde transcription]. In Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Anthropology , ed. Allen W. Wood and Robert B. Louden (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 283287.Google Scholar
Louden, Robert B. (2014) ‘Cosmopolitical Unity: The Final Destiny of the Human Species’. In Alix Cohen (ed.), Kant’s Lectures on Anthropology: A Critical Guide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 211229.Google Scholar
Moran, Kate A. (2009) ‘Can Kant Have an Account of Moral Education?Journal of the Philosophy of Education, 43, 471484.Google Scholar
Moran, Kate A. (2012) Community and Progress in Kant’s Moral Philosophy. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press.Google Scholar
Munzel, G. Felicitas (1999) Kant’s Conception of Moral Character: The ‘Critical’ Link of Morality, Anthropology, and Reflective Judgment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Munzel, G. Felicitas (2012) Kant’s Conception of Pedagogy: Toward Education for Freedom. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Parry, Geraint (2000) ‘Education Can Do All’. In Norman Geras and Robert Wokler (eds), The Enlightenment and Modernity (New York: St Martin’s Press), pp. 2549.Google Scholar
Parry, Geraint (2006) ‘Education’. In Knud Haakonssen (ed.), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), vol 1, pp. 608638.Google Scholar
Paulsen, Friedrich (1908) German Education, Past and Present, trans. T. Lorenz. London: T. Fisher Unwin.Google Scholar
Quick, Robert Herbert (1896) Essays on Educational Reformers. New York: D. Appleton & Co.Google Scholar
Raumer, Karl von (1843) Geschichte der Pädagogik. Stuttgart: Liesching.Google Scholar
Reisert, Joseph R. (2012) ‘Kant and Rousseau on Moral Education’. In Klas Roth and Chris W. Surprenant (eds), Kant and Education: Interpretations and Commentary (New York: Routledge), pp. 1225.Google Scholar
Rutschky, Katharina (ed.) (1997) Schwarze Pädagogik. Frankfurt and Berlin: Ullstein.Google Scholar
Surprenant, Chris W. (2012) ‘Kant’s Contribution to Moral Education’. In Klas Roth and Chris W. Surprenant (eds), Kant on Education: Interpretations and Commentary (New York: Routledge), pp. 111.Google Scholar
Ware, Owen (2012) Review of Klas Roth and Chris W. Surprenant (eds), Kant and Education: Interpretations and Commentary, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, 19 Mar. <https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/29530-kant-and-education-interpretations-and-commentary>..>Google Scholar