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Marine, Maritime, or Submerged Prehistory? Contextualizing the Prehistoric Underwater Archaeologies of Inland, Coastal, and Offshore Environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Jonathan Benjamin  and
Alex Hale
Jonathan Benjamin
Affiliation:
Wessex Archaeology, Coastal & Marine, UK University of Edinburgh, UK
Alex Hale
Affiliation:
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, UK
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Abstract

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Studies in submerged prehistoric archaeology have gained momentum in recent years with particular focus on the inundated landscapes of the European continental shelf. Although this renewed interest lies primarily in modern coasts and seas, there are a variety of differences between the submerged prehistoric archaeologies of inland and marine environments, ranging from questions of scientific research to heritage management to practical field methods. Some of these differences are the result of location, function, and period. Despite this, there exist similarities that, if ignored, risk increased marginalization of the archaeology of submerged landscapes from the greater field of prehistoric archaeology. A holistic evaluation of prehistoric archaeological landscapes must include inland waters and coastal zones and their relationships. Aquatic environments, viewed both as individual locations as well as continuous and connecting waterways, are introduced for their differences and similarities, and simplified examples of material and legislation are introduced in order to contextualize submarine sites and practices within the greater fields of prehistory and underwater archaeology.

Les recherches en archéologie préhistorique subaquatique ont gagné un nouvel élan ces dernières années avec un focus particulier sur les régions immergées du plateau continental. Tandis que cet intérêt renouvelé se porte surtout sur les côtes et mers modernes, il existe toute une variété de différences entre les archéologies subaquatiques préhistoriques des environnements de terres fermes et des environnements marins allant de questions sur la recherche scientifique à la gestion du patrimoine et aux méthodes pratiques du terrain. Quelques-unes de ces différences résultent de l'endroit, de la fonction et de la période. Malgré ceci, il existe des similarités qui, si elles sont ignorées, risquent de provoquer une marginalisation accrue de l'archéologie des régions submergées par rapport au domaine plus vaste de l'archéologie préhistorique. Une évaluation holistique des régions archéologiques préhistoriques doit inclure les eaux intérieures et les zones côtières ainsi que leurs relations. Les environnements aquatiques, considérés à la fois comme endroits individuels et comme voies d'eau continues et communicantes, sont présentés pour leurs différences et leurs similarités, et des exemples simplifiés de matériel et de législation sont présentés afin de contextualiser les sites et pratiques sous-marins au sein du vaste domaine de la préhistoire et de l'archéologie subaquatique. Translation by Isabelle Gerges.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

Studien zur Prähistorischen Unterwasserarchäologie sind in den letzten Jahren mit einem besonderen Fokus auf den versunkenen Landschaften des Festlandssockels intensiviert worden. Während sich dieses erneute Interesse vorwiegend auf den modernen Küsten und Seen richtet, gibt es eine Menge Unterschiede zwischen den Unterwasserarchäologien prähistorischer Inland- und mariner Milieus, die von Fragen der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung über denkmalpflegerische Aspekte bis zu praktischen Themen der Feldforschung reichen. Einige dieser Unterschiede rühren aus dem Ort, von der Funktion oder der Periode her. Trotzdem gibt es auch Ähnlichkeiten, die, wenn sie vernachlässigt werden, eine erhöhte Marginalisierung der Archäologie versunkener Landschaften im weiteren Bereich der Prähistorischen Archäologie zeitigen. Eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung vorgeschichtlicher archäologischer Landschaften muss auch Binnengewässer und Küstenzonen sowie deren Beziehungen einschließen. Gewässer, die sowohl als individuelle Orte wie auch als kontinuierliche und verbindende Wasserwege zu betrachten sind, werden hier mit ihren Unterschieden und Gemeinsamkeiten vorgestellt und es werden anhand vereinfachter Beispiele von Material und Gesetzmäßigkeiten gezeigt, um Unterwasserfundplätze und -praktiken im weiteren Feld der Vorgeschichte und der Unterwasserarchäologie zu kontextualisieren. Translation by Heiner Schwarzberg.

Keywords

underwater archaeologycoastallacustrineriverineestuarineprehistoryBritainScotlandarchéologie subaquatiquecôtierlacustrefluvialestuarienpréhistoireGrande-BretagneÉcosseunterwasserarchäologieküstengebietseegebietflussgebietmündungsgebietvorgeschichteGroßbritannienSchottland
Type
Special Section - Underwater Archaeology: Research and Heritage Management
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , 2012 , pp. 237 - 256
Copyright
Copyright © European Association of Archaeologists 2012 

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