Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T11:22:56.969Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of isovalerate supplements on morphology and functional gene expression of rumen mucosa in pre- and post-weaning dairy calves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 August 2017

Q. Liu ,
C. Wang ,
G. Guo ,
W. J. Huo ,
Y. L. Zhang ,
C. X. Pei ,
S. L. Zhang  and
H. Wang
Q. Liu*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
C. Wang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
G. Guo
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
W. J. Huo
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
Y. L. Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
C. X. Pei
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
S. L. Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
H. Wang
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuci County, Yuci 030600, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
*
†E-mail: liuqiangabc@163.com
Get access

Abstract

Isovalerate supplements could stimulate rumen development by improving morphology and function of rumen mucosa, and then promote the growth of calves. This study was done to evaluate the effects of isovalerate supplements on morphology and functional gene expression of rumen mucosa in dairy calves. In total, 48 Chinese Holstein male calves with 15 days of age and 45.1±0.36 kg of BW were randomly assigned to four groups. The treatments were: control, low-isovalerate, moderate-isovalerate and high-isovalerate with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g isovalerate per calf per day, respectively. Supplementary isovalerate was hand-mixed into milk in pre-weaning calves and into concentrate portion in post-weaning calves. The study consisted of a 15-day-adaptation period and a 60-day-sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Three calves were slaughtered from each of the four treatments at 30, 60 and 90 days of age. The weight of body and stomach were measured, samples of ruminal tissues and blood were analyzed. Total stomach weight, total stomach to BW ratio, rumen wall and keratinized layer thickness, serum growth hormone and IGF-1 for both pre- and post-weaning calves increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplements. Rumen to total stomach weight ratio, the length and width of rumen papillae, and serum β-hydroxybutyrate increased linearly for post-weaning calves. However, abomasum weight to total stomach weight ratio decreased linearly for both pre- and post-weaning calves. The relative messenger RNA expression for growth hormone receptor, IGF-1 receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 in rumen mucosa increased linearly for post-weaning calves. Our results suggested that isovalerate supplements promoted rumen development in a dose-dependent manner. The optimum dose was 6.0 g isovalerate per calf per day.

Keywords

isovaleraterumen developmentmorphologyfunctional genedairy calves
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , March 2018 , pp. 491 - 500
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1997. Official methods of analysis, 16th edition. AOAC, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Baldwin, RL VI and Jesse, BW 1992. Developmental changes in glucose and butyrate metabolism by isolated sheep ruminal cells. Journal of Nutrition 122, 1149–1153.Google Scholar
Baldwin, RL VI and McLeod, KR 2000. Effects of diet forage:concentrate ratio and metabolizable energy intake on isolated rumen epithelial cell metabolism in vitro. Journal of Animal Science 78, 771–783.Google Scholar
Baldwin, RL VI, McLeod, KR, Klotz, JL and Heitmann, RN 2004. Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and post-weaning ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science 87, E55–E65.Google Scholar
Bush, RS 1988. Effect of age and diet on in vitro metabolism in rumen epithelium from Holstein calves. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, 1245–1251.Google Scholar
Brameld, JM, Atkinson, JL, Saunders, JC, Pell, JM, Buttery, PJ and Gilmour, RS 1996. Effects of growth hormone administration and dietary protein intake on insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression in porcine liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Journal of Animal Science 74, 1832–1841.Google Scholar
Denman, SE and McSweeney, CS 2006. Development of a real-time PCR assay for monitoring anaerobic fungal and cellulolytic bacterial populations within the rumen. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 58, 572–582.Google Scholar
Flaga, J, Górka, P, Kowalski, ZM, Kaczor, U, Pietrzak, P and Zabielski, R 2011. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) mRNA levels in relation to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development in newborn calves. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 14, 605–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Georgiev, IP 2008. Effect of colostrum insulin-like growth factors on growth and development of neonatal calves. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 11, 75–88.Google Scholar
Georgieva, TM, Georgiev, IP, Ontsouka, E, Hammon, HM, Pfaffl, MW and Blum, JW 2003. Abundance of message for insulin-like growth factors-I and -II and for receptors for growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, and insulin in the intestine and liver of pre- and full-term calves. Journal of Animal Science 81, 2294–2300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Górka, P, Kowalski, ZM, Pietrzak, P, Kotunia, A, Jagusiak, W, Holst, JJ, Guilloteau, R and Zabielski, R 2011. Effect of method of delivery of sodium butyrate on rumen development in newborn calves. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 5578–5588.Google Scholar
Kasuya, E, Hodate, K, Matsumoto, M, Sakaguchi, M, Hashizume, T and Kanematsu, S 1996. The effects of xylazine on plasma concentrations growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-i, glucose and insulin in calves. Endocrine Journal 43, 145–149.Google Scholar
Kuzinski, J, Zitnan, R, Viergutz, T, Legath, J and Schweige, M 2011. Altered Na+/K+-ATPase expression plays a role in rumen epithelium adaptation in sheep fed hay ad libitum or a mixed hay/concentrate diet. Veterinarni Medicina 56, 35–47.Google Scholar
Lane, MA, Baldwin, RL VI and Jesse, BW 2000. Sheep rumen metabolic development in response to different dietary treatments. Journal of Animal Science 78, 1990–1996.Google Scholar
Lane, MA, Baldwin, RL and Jesse, BW 2002. Developmental changes in ketogenic enzyme gene expression during sheep rumen development. Journal of Animal Science 80, 1538–1544.Google Scholar
Lane, MA and Jesse, BW 1997. Effect of volatile fatty acid infusion on development of the rumen epithelium in neonatal sheep. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 740–746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lesmeister, KE, Tozer, PR and Heinrichs, AJ 2004. Development and analysis of a rumen tissue sampling procedure. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 1336–1344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Huang, YX, Dong, KH, Yang, WZ, Zhang, SL and Wang, H 2009. Effects of isovalerate on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 93, 716–725.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Pei, CX, Li, HY, Wang, YX, Zhang, SL, Zhang, YL, He, JP, Wang, H, Yang, WZ, Bai, YS, Shi, ZG and Liu, XN 2014. Effects of isovalerate supplementation on microbial status and rumen enzyme profile in steers fed on corn stover based diet. Livestock Science 161, 60–68.Google Scholar
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Zhang, YL, Pei, CX, Zhang, SL, Li, HQ, Guo, G, Huo, WJ, Yang, WZ and Wang, H 2016a. Effects of 2-methybutyrate supplementation on growth performance and ruminal development in pre- and post-weaning dairy calves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 216, 129–137.Google Scholar
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Zhang, YL, Pei, CX, Zhang, SL, Wang, YX, Zhang, ZW, Yang, WZ, Wang, H, Guo, G and Huo, WJ 2016b. Effects of isovalerate supplementation on growth performance and ruminal fermentation in pre- and post-weaning dairy calves. Journal of Agricultural Science 154, 1499–1508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mentschel, J, Leiser, R, Mülling, C, Pfarrer, C and Claus, R 2001. Butyric acid stimulates rumen mucosa development in the calf mainly by a reduction of apoptosis. Archives of Animal Nutrition 55, 85–102.Google Scholar
Misra, AK and Thakur, SS 2001. Effects of dietary supplementation of sodium salt of isobutyric acid on ruminal fermentation and nutrient utilization in a wheat straw based low protein diets fed to crossbred cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 14, 479–484.Google Scholar
Nazari, M, Karkoodi, K and Alizadeh, A 2012. Performance and physiological responses of milk-fed calves to coated calcium butyrate supplementation. South African Journal of Animal Science 42, 296–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council 2001. Nutrient requirements of young calf. In Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, chapter 10, 7th revised edition (ed. Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Committee on Animal Nutrition, and Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources), pp. 214–233. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Sakata, T and Tamate, H 1978. Rumen epithelial cell proliferation accelerated by rapid increase in intraruminal butyrate. Journal of Dairy Science 61, 1109–1113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sakata, T and Tamate, H 1979. Rumen epithelial cell proliferation accelerated by propionate and acetate. Journal of Dairy Science 62, 49–52.Google Scholar
Roffler, B, Fah, A, Sauter, SN, Hammon, HM, Gallmann, P, Brem, G and Blum, JW 2003. Intestinal morphology, epithelial cell proliferation, and absorptive capacity in neonatal calves fed milk-born insulin-like growth factor-I or a colostrum extract. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1797–1806.Google Scholar
Shen, Z, Seyfert, HM, Lohrke, B, Schneider, F, Zitnan, R, Chudy, A, Kuhla, S, Hammon, HM, Blum, JW, Martens, H, Hagemeister, H and Voigt, J 2004. An energy-rich diet causes rumen papillae proliferation associated with more IGF type 1 receptors and increased plasma IGF-1 concentrations in young goats. Journal of Nutrition 134, 11–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, JM, Amburgh, MEV, Diaz, MC, Lucy, MC and Bauman, DE 2002. Effect of nutrient intake on the development of the somatotropic axis and its responsiveness to GH in Holstein bull calves. Journal of Animal Science 80, 1528–1537.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems 2002. User’s guide: statistics, version 9 edition. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Williamson, DH, Mellanby, J and Krebs, HA 1962. Enzymic determination of D(−)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid in blood. Biochemical Journal 82, 90–96.Google Scholar
Zitnan, R, Kuhla, S, Sanftleben, P, Bliska, A, Schneider, F, Zupcanova, M and Voigt, J 2005. Diet induced ruminal papillae development in neonatal calves not correlating with rumen butyrate. Veterinary Medicine-Czech 50, 472–479.Google Scholar
Zitnan, R, Voigt, J, Schonhusen, U, Wegner, J, Kokardova, M, Hagemeister, H, Levkut, M, Kuhla, S and Sommer, A 1998. Influence of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on the development of rumen mucosa in calves. Archives of Animal Nutrition 51, 279–291.Google Scholar