Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T18:30:10.067Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“Halting the Slaughter of the Innocents”

The Civilizing Process and the Surge in Violence in Turn-of-the-Century Chicago

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Extract

In 1906, the Reverend Frank G. Smith, of Chicago’s Warren Avenue Congregational Church, warned that “we are in the throes of a moral spasm” (Chicago Tribune, 22 January 1906). The Reverend W. R. Leach shared this view, bemoaning that “not in twenty years as pastor in Chicago have I seen crime as it stalks to-day. It is an epidemical scourge” (Chicago Record-Herald, 26 September 1904). Another critic termed the city “Satan’s sanctum” (Curon 1899). Other commentators eschewed the language of the jeremiad but of fered similar assessments, often casting their observations in comparative and quantitative terms.

Type
Special Issue: Bloody Murder
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 2001 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adler, Jeffrey S. (1999) “‘The negro would be more than an angel to withstand such treatment’: African-American homicide in Chicago, 1875–1910,” in Bellesiles, Michael A. (ed.) Lethal Imagination: Violence and Brutality in American History. New York: New York University Press: 294315.Google Scholar
Barrett, Paul (1983) The Automobile and Urban Transit. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
City of Chicago Department of Health (1931) Report of the Department of Health of the City of Chicago for the Years 1926-1930 Inclusive. Chicago: City of Chicago.Google Scholar
City of Chicago Police Department. Homicides and Important Events, 1870–1920. Springfield, IL: Illinois State Archives. Microfilm.Google Scholar
City of Chicago Police Department (1915) Annual Report of the Police Department of the City of Chicago for the Year Ending December 31,1914. Chicago: City of Chicago.Google Scholar
Cook County Coroner (1907) Coroner's Annual Report for A.D. 1907. Chicago: City of Chicago.Google Scholar
Cook County Coroner (1912) Cook County Coroner's Quadrennial Report for the Years 1908–1911. Chicago: City of Chicago.Google Scholar
Cook County Coroner (1915) Biennial Report of the Coroner's Office of Cook County, Illinois, 1912–13. Chicago: Cook County.Google Scholar
Cook County Coroner (1920) Biennial Report 1918–1919 [of the Coroner of Cook County] and Official Record of Inquests on the Victims of the Race Riots of July and August, 1919. Chicago: Cook County.Google Scholar
Curon, L. O. (1899) Chicago, Satan's Sanctum. Chicago: C. D. Phillips.Google Scholar
Duis, Perry R. (1998) Challenging Chicago: Coping with Everyday Life, 1837–1920. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Eckberg, Douglas Lee (1995) “Estimates of early-twentieth-century U.S. homicide rates.” Demography 32: 116.Google Scholar
Elias, Norbert (1978 [1939]) The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners. Translated by Jephcott, Edmund . New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Fletcher, Jonathan (1997) Violence and Civilization. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity.Google Scholar
Gurr, Ted Robert (1989) “Historical trends in violent crime,” in Gurr, Ted Robert (ed.) Violence in America. Newbury Park, CA: Sage: 2154.Google Scholar
Gutman, Herbert G. (1976) “Work, culture, and society in industrializing America, 1815-1919,” in Gutman, Herbert G. (ed.) Work, Culture, and Society in Industrializing America. New York: Vintage: 378.Google Scholar
Hall, Kermit L. (1989) The Magic Mirror. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hammerling, Louis N. (1915) “Safety crusade in foreign languages,” in Biennial Report of the Coroner's Office of Cook County, Illinois, 1912–13. Chicago: Cook County: 1617.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Frederick L. (1925) The Homicide Problem. Newark: Prudential.Google Scholar
Hollinger, Paul C. (1987) Violent Deaths in the United States. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Johnson, Eric A., and Monkkonen, Eric H. (1996)The Civilization of Crime. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Kavanaugh, Judge Marcus A. (1915)“Safeguarding life and limb,” in Biennial Report of the Coroner's Office of Cook County, Illinois, 1912–13. Chicago: Cook County: 3134.Google Scholar
Keller, Morton (1994) Regulating a New Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lane, Roger (1979) Violent Death in the City. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lane, Roger (1986) Roots of Violence in Black Philadelphia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lane, Roger (1989) “On the social meaning of homicide trends in America,” in Gurr, Ted Robert (ed.) Violence in America. Newbury Park, CA: Sage: 5579.Google Scholar
Lane, Roger (1997) Murder in America. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.Google Scholar
Lashly, Arthur V. (1929) “Homicide (in Cook County),” in Wigmore, John H. (ed.) The Illinois Crime Survey. Chicago: Illinois Association for Criminal Justice: 590640.Google Scholar
McShane, Clay (1994) Down the Asphalt Path. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Mohr, James C. (1978) Abortion in America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mohr, James C. (1993) Doctors and the Law. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Monkkonen, Eric H. (1981) Police in Urban America, 1860–1920. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Monkkonen, Eric H. (1995) “New York City homicides: A research note.” Social Science History 19: 201–14.Google Scholar
Pfohl, Stephen (1977) “The ‘discovery’ of child abuse.” Social Problems 24: 310–23.Google Scholar
Reagan, Leslie J. (1997) When Abortion Was a Crime. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Tobin, Edward J. (1915) “‘Safety First’in the schools,” in Biennial Report of the Coroner's Office of Cook County, Illinois, 1912–13. Chicago: Cook County: 2426.Google Scholar
U.S. Senate Committee on Immigration [Dillingham Commission] (1911) Report of the Immigration Commission: Immigration and Crime. Vol. 36. 61st Cong., 3d sess. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Van Krieken, Robert (1989) “Violence, self-discipline and modernity: Beyond the civilizing process.” Sociological Review 37: 193218.Google Scholar
Weiner, Neil Alan, and Zahn, Margaret A. (1989) “Violent arrests in the city: The Philadelphia story, 1857–1980,” in Gurr, Ted Robert (ed.) Violence in America. Newbury Park, CA Sage: 102–21.Google Scholar
Young, Ella Flagg (1915) “Safety First,” in Biennial Report of the Coroner's Office of Cook County, Illinois, 1912–13. Chicago: Cook County: 1823.Google Scholar
Zelizer, Viviana A. (1985) Pricing the Priceless Child. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar