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Diversity of toxin and non-toxin containing cyanobacterial mats of meltwater ponds on the Antarctic Peninsula: a pyrosequencing approach

Part of: Antarctic Science International Bursary collection: Biosciences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2014

J. Kleinteich ,
F. Hildebrand ,
S.A. Wood ,
S. Ciŕs ,
R. Agha ,
A. Quesada ,
D.A. Pearce ,
P. Convey ,
F.C. K̈pper  and
D.R. Dietrich
J. Kleinteich
Affiliation:
Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany Centre d’Ingéniérie des Protéines, Institute of Chemistry B6, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
F. Hildebrand
Affiliation:
European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany Department of Bioscience Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
S.A. Wood
Affiliation:
Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7042, New Zealand School of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand
S. Ciŕs
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
R. Agha
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
A. Quesada
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
D.A. Pearce
Affiliation:
British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK University Centre in Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
P. Convey
Affiliation:
British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
F.C. K̈pper
Affiliation:
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, UK Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh AB41 6AA, UK
D.R. Dietrich*
Affiliation:
Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
*
*Daniel.Dietrich@uni-konstanz.de
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Abstract

Despite their pivotal role as primary producers, there is little information as to the diversity and physiology of cyanobacteria in the meltwater ecosystems of polar regions. Thirty cyanobacterial mats from Adelaide Island, Antarctica were investigated using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, and screened for cyanobacterial toxins using molecular and chemical approaches. A total of 274 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected. The richness ranged between 8 and 33 cyanobacterial OTUs per sample, reflecting a high mat diversity. Leptolyngbya and Phormidium (c. 55% and 37% of the OTUs per mat) were dominant. Cyanobacterial community composition was similar between mats, particularly those obtained from closely adjacent locations. The cyanotoxin microcystin was detected in 26 of 27 mats (10–300 ng g-1 organic mass), while cylindrospermopsin, detected for the first time in Antarctica, was present in 21 of 30 mats (2–156 ng g-1 organic mass). The latter was confirmed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and by the presence of the cyrAB and cyrJ genes. This study demonstrates the usefulness of pyrosequencing for characterizing diverse cyanobacterial communities, and confirms that cyanobacteria from extreme environments produce a similar range of cyanotoxins as their temperate counterparts.

Keywords

automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysiscylindrospermopsinliquid chromatography-mass spectrometrymicrocystin
Type
Biological Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 26 , Supplement 5 , October 2014 , pp. 521 - 532
Copyright
© Antarctic Science Ltd 2014 

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