Professor Mercer examines the subsidies to seven major land-grant railroads in the United States and Canada and finds that such subsidies made very substantial contributions toward paying for the investment in those railroads.

Professor Braeman evaluates historians' current assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, finding a new consensus emerging among scholars of that important era in American history.

Professor Chandler traces the rise and spread of the factory system in American industry, suggesting an explanation for the timing and the pattern of development of the industrial revolution in the United States.

Two differing managerial philosophies competed for the support of American businessmen around the beginning of the twentieth century — the “scientific management” of Frederick W. Taylor and a general set of practices known as “welfare work.” This study examines the experience of a Brandywine River textile firm which tried to employ both approaches at the same time.

Despite political pressure from their Congressional champions, small businesses were never effectively utilized in the American mobilization for World War II. The Roosevelt administration followed an ambivalent policy designed to placate the proponents of small business while giving the lion's share of contracts and scarce raw materials to big business.

During the first two decades of the twentieth century, businessmen and government officials increasingly worked together to strengthen the position of the United States in world markets. Much of the intellectual underpinnings of this organizational drive lay in progressive America's attraction to the gospel of efficiency and in a desire to emulate the nation which seemed to embody that gospel best — Germany.

Professor Engerman constructs estimates of relevant data in order to test the assertion that profits from the slave trade provided the capital which financed the Industrial Revolution in England.

Mr. Smith explores the troubled history of the Brazilian state-owned oil company, Petrobrás, pointing out the difficulties of achieving economic development through such institutions when domestic politics strongly influence the companies' economic decisions.

A study of the development of fifty large, diversified American corporations in recent decades reveals some of the paths business has followed since the innovation of the multidivisional firm half a century ago.

Professor Vamplew describes the expansion of a leading Scottish industry of the nineteenth century, illustrating that the nature and level of demand were the most important factors shaping the industry's growth throughout several distinct stages of development.

Professor Miner recounts the complex story of the loss of Cherokee control of mineral development on tribal lands in what later became Oklahoma. These events constitute a chapter in the long history of the loss of Indian sovereignty in the wake of the expansion of the white man's civilization across the continent.

Recent historians of the early twentieth century United States have called attention to the growing nationalization of American life, as well as to the importance of an eastern corporate elite in shaping foreign policy during that period. This study indicates the residual strength of the regional impulse and offers a counterweight to the national and eastern emphasis of those historians.

Professor Niemi formalizes the existing body of census data for detailed analysis of structural and labor productivity patterns in American manufacturing in the last half of the nineteenth century.

Charles M. Schwab's aggressive and innovative leadership of Bethlehem Steel early in this century made that firm a success. To some extent, however, the growth of Bethlehem was made possible by the conservative strategy of E. H. Gary's giant U.S. Steel. The dominant firm's willingness to tolerate the loss of a portion of its sales to smaller rivals made their survival and expansion easier than would have been the case in a more vigorously competitive environment.

This study of the accounting records of a mid-nineteenth-century New England textile enterprise sheds new light on the emergence of modern cost accounting as a specialized tool of management.

A leading archivist describes the nature and functions of professional records management and suggests some relationships between those activities and business history. If future historians are to have useful records for research, present-day scholars need to be informed about and interested in the work of records managers.

Continuing a long tradition, the government of New York attempted to aid domestic manufacturing in various ways during the troubled period of the Embargo, the War of 1812, and the war's aftermath. Among the most important legislative actions was the state's general incorporation law for manufacturing, passed in 1811 on a temporary basis and enacted without time limit in 1821.