Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T03:36:23.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Geographic structure of sibling species and cytotypes of the Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in rivers of central Idaho and southeastern Washington, United States of America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 March 2018

Gerald F. Shields  and
John P. Shields
Gerald F. Shields*
Affiliation:
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Carroll College, Helena, Montana, 59602, United States of America
John P. Shields
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington, 99004, United States of America
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: gshields@carroll.edu)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We made 37 collections and analysed the polytene chromosomes of salivary glands of 726 larvae of the Simulium arcticum Malloch (Diptera: Simuliidae) complex from 10 locations in an unstudied region from central Idaho and southeastern Washington, United States of America. We compared our results to previous population cytotaxonomic research on larvae of this complex from western Montana, northern Idaho, and eastern Washington, United States of America. We identified four sibling species, S. brevicercum Knowlton and Rowe, S. saxosum Adler, S. arcticum sensu stricto, S. apricarium Adler, Currie, and Wood; and three cytotypes, S. arcticum IIL-9, IIL-17, and IIL-79, previously described by us. We discovered a new cytotype, S. arcticum IIL-80, at three locations in the western region of our sample area. We also found combinational (ancestral) types between S. saxosum and S. arcticum sensu stricto and between S. saxosum and S. arcticum IIL-79, suggesting that ancestral populations of the complex still exist. Geographic structuring of these sibling species and cytotypes are documented given that S. saxosum occurred in western regions, S. arcticum IIL-79 in northeastern regions, and S. apricarium in southeastern regions of our study area.

Type
Biodiversity & Evolution
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 150 , Issue 3 , June 2018 , pp. 366 - 377
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Bradley Sinclair

References

Adler, P.H. and Crosskey, R.W. 2017. World blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographic inventory (2016) [online]. Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America. Available from http://biomia.sites.clemson.edu/pdfs/blackflyinventory.pdf [accessed 7 January 2018].Google Scholar
Adler, P.H., Currie, D.C., and Wood, D.M. 2004. The black flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, New York, New York, United States of America.Google Scholar
Adler, P.H., Yildirim, A., Onder, Z., Tasci, T., Duzlu, O., Arslan, M.O., et al. 2016. Rearrangement hotspots in the sex chromosomes of the Palearctic black fly Simulium bergi (Diptera, Simuliidae). Comparative Cytogentics, 10: 295–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conflitti, I.M., Kratochvil, M.J., Spironello, M., Shields, G.F., and Currie, D.C. 2010. Good species behaving badly: non-monophyly of black fly sibling species in the Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57: 245–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conflitti, I.M., Shields, G.F., and Currie, D.C. 2012. A “complex” problem: delimiting sibling species boundaries in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 44: 323–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conflitti, I.M., Shields, G.F., Murphy, R.W., and Currie, D.C. 2014. The speciation continuum: population structure, gene flow, and maternal ancestry in the Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 78: 43–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conflitti, I.M., Shields, G.F., Murphy, R.W., and Currie, D.C. 2015a. Genetic panmixia within a narrow contact zone between chromosomally and ecologically distinct black fly sibling species (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 28: 1417–1433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conflitti, I.M., Shields, G.F., Murphy, R.W., and Currie, D.C. 2015b. The speciation continuum: ecological and chromosomal divergence in the Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115: 13–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conflitti, I.M., Shields, G.F., Murphy, R.W., and Currie, D.C. 2017. Resolving evolutionary relationships in closely related non-model organisms: a case study using chromosomally distinct members of a black fly species complex. Systematic Entomology, 42: 489–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coyne, J.A. and Orr, H.A. 2004. Speciation. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, United States of America.Google Scholar
Currie, D.C. 1986. An annotated list of and keys to the immature black flies of Alberta (Diptera: Simuliidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 134: 1–90.Google Scholar
Davies, D.M. and Peterson, B.V. 1956. Observations on the mating, feeding, ovarian development, and oviposition of adult black flies (Simuliidae: Diptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 34: 615–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothfels, K.H. 1979. Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24: 507–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothfels, K.H. and Dunbar, R.W. 1953. The salivary gland chromosomes of the black fly Simulium vittatum Zett. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 31: 226–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, G.F. 2013. The significance of sex-linked chromosomal inversions in the speciation process of the Simulium arcticum complex of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, 6: 63–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, G.F. 2014. Incipient speciation and additional diversity within the Simulium arcticum complex of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). American Midland Naturalist, 172: 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, G.F. 2015. Differential development of male and female larvae of a black fly complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of Entomological Science, 18: 294–301.Google Scholar
Shields, G.F. 2016. Determining causal factors of diversity in the Simulium arcticum complex of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Trends in Entomology, 12: 73–80.Google Scholar
Shields, G.F., Christiaens, B.A., Van Luvan, M.L., and Hartman, A.L. 2009. Reproductive status and continuity of taxa of the Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) at the Clearwater River, Montana (2007, 2008, and 2009). Western North American Naturalist, 69: 511–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, G.F., Clausen, G.M., Marchion, C.S., Michel, T.L., Styren, K.C., Riggin, C.N., et al. 2007. The effect of elevation on the distribution of sibling species in the black fly, Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Western North American Naturalist, 67: 39–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, G.F. and Hokit, G.D. 2016. Does river corridor affect chromosome forms within the black fly Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Freshwater Science, 35: 1023–1031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, G.F. and Kratochvil, M.J. 2011. A remnant of an incipient speciation event in the Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). American Midland Naturalist, 166: 239–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, G.F. and Procunier, W.S. 1982. A cytological description of sibling species of Simulium (Gnus) arcticum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Polar Biology, 1: 181–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar