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A Saint and the Natural World: A Motif of Obedience in Three Early Anglo-Saxon Saints’ Lives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Olga Gusakova*
Affiliation:
Institute of General History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Extract

Saints’ interactions with the natural world (with beasts and birds as well as the elements) as represented in hagiographical literature constitute an integral part of a much wider theme concerning Christian perceptions of nature and the place of humankind in it. While being in line with the general Christian ideas on creation, hagiographical accounts of the saints’ relationship with nature may reveal different aspects of such ideas and perform diverse narrative functions in various traditions and texts. This paper will look at the Anglo-Saxon hagiographical tradition which was enriched in its development by Irish, Continental and Eastern influences. Thus analysis of Anglo-Saxon saints’ Lives is an essential part of a broader study of medieval hagiographical literature, both Eastern and Western.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2010

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References

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16 Benedicta Ward suggests that by changing the biblical reference Bede presented Cuthbert as ‘the New Adam, once more at peace with all creation’: ‘Spirituality of St Cuthbert’, 72.

17 Anon., Life of St Cuthbert 2.5 (Colgrave, ed. and trans., Two Lives, 85–87).

18 Bede, Sancti Cutberti 12.

19 For discussion of the grammatical connotations, see Cavill, ‘Dynamics of StoryTelling’, 7.

20 Anon., Life of St Cuthbert 3.5 (Colgrave, ed. and trans., Two Lives, 101–03).

21 Bede refers here to the episode found in Gregory the Great, Dialogues 2.8.

22 Bede, Sancti Cutberti 20 (Webb, Age of Bede, 69–70).

23 Anon., Life of St Cuthbert 3.4 (Colgrave, ed. and trans., Two Lives, 101).

24 Bede, Sancti Cutberti 21 (Webb, Age of Bede, 70).

25 See Augustine, Homilies on the First Epistle of John 8.7–8 (NPNF I, 7: 509):‘Mark what I say: God, man, beasts: to wit, above you, God; beneath you, the beasts. Acknowledge Him that is above you, that those that are beneath you may acknowledge you. Thus, because Daniel acknowledged God above him, the lions acknowledged him above them. But if you acknowledge not Him that is above you, you despise your superior, you become subject to your inferior.’

26 C. Stancliffe,‘Cuthbert and the Polarity between Pastor and Solitary’, in Bonner, Rollason and Stancliffe, eds, St Cuthbert, 21–44, at 40. For Augustine’s influence on many aspects of Anglo-Saxon spirituality, see Mursell, English Spirituality, 15.

27 Bede, Sancti Cutberti 21 (Webb, Age of Bede, 70–71).

28 Felix’s Life of Saint Guthlac, intro. and trans. B. Colgrave (Cambridge, 1956), 18.

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32 Vita sancti Guthlaci 38 (ones, Saints’ Lives, 144–45).

33 Ibid. 39 (Jones, Saints’ Lives, 145–46).

34 Ibid. 50 (Jones, Saints’ Lives, 155).

35 Ibid. 40 (Jones, Saints’ Lives, 146).