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Mesotrione Activity on Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilization Rate, Source, and Timing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Leslie L. Beck*
Affiliation:
Extension Plant Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
Aaron J. Patton
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Quincy D. Law
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Daniel V. Weisenberger
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
James T. Brosnan
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996
José J. Vargas Almodóvar
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996
Gregory K. Breeden
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996
Dean A. Kopsell
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: lebeck@nmsu.edu.

Abstract

Mesotrione, a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-inhibiting herbicide, is labeled for PRE and POST crabgrass control. It has enhanced efficacy on smooth and large crabgrass when applied in conjunction with soil-applied nitrogen (N). The objectives of this study, using crabgrass as the weed species, were to (1) determine the influence of N rate and tissue N concentration on mesotrione activity, (2) determine the influence of N source on mesotrione activity, and (3) determine the influence of N application timing on mesotrione activity. Large crabgrass plants that received 12 kg N ha−1 or more before mesotrione application had more bleached and necrotic leaves compared with plants that received 0 kg N ha−1 7 d after treatment (DAT) in the greenhouse. Although N application rates as high as 98 kg N ha−1 were tested, 90% leaf bleaching and necrosis were observed with rates of 8.9 or 10.1 kg N ha−1 in Tennessee and Indiana, respectively. Nitrogen concentration in large crabgrass leaf and stem tissue on the day of the mesotrione application was closely related to the bleaching and necrosis symptoms observed 7 DAT. Although N rate influenced mesotrione activity, N source did not. Nitrogen application timing was also important, with N applications 3, 1, and 0 d before a mesotrione application having the highest percentage of bleached and necrotic leaves in greenhouse experiments. Both greenhouse and field trials support the finding that N applications in proximity to the mesotrione application enhance herbicide activity. Thus, practitioners can pair N and POST mesotrione applications together or in proximity to enhance crabgrass control.

Mesotrione es un herbicida inhibidor de 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase que está registrado para el control PRE y POST de especies del género Digitaria. Tiene una actividad mayor en Digitaria ischaemum y Digitiaria sanguinalis cuando se aplica en forma conjunta con nitrógeno aplicado al suelo (N). Los objetivos de este estudio, enfocándose en Digitaria, fueron: (1) determinar la influencia de la dosis de N y la concentración de N en el tejido sobre la actividad de mesotrione, (2) determinar la influencia de la fuente de N sobre la actividad de mesotrione, y (3) determinar la influencia del momento de aplicación de N sobre la actividad de mesotrione. Plantas de D. sanguinalis que recibieron 12 kg N ha−1 o más antes de la aplicación de mesotrione, tuvieron más hojas blanqueadas y necróticas que las plantas que recibieron 0 kg N ha−1 a 7 d después del tratamiento (DAT), en el invernadero. Aunque se evaluaron dosis de aplicación de N de hasta 89 kg N ha−1, con dosis de sólo 8.9 ó 10.1 kg N ha−1 se observó 90% blanqueamiento y necrosis foliar, en Tennessee e Indiana, respectivamente. La concentración de N en el tejido foliar y del tallo de D. sanguinalis, el día de la aplicación de mesotrione, estuvo altamente relacionada a los síntomas de blanqueamiento y necrosis observados a 7 DAT. Aunque la dosis de N influenció la actividad de mesotrione, la fuente de N no lo hizo. El momento de aplicación de N también fue importante. Así, las aplicaciones de N a 3, 1, y 0 d antes de la aplicación de mesotrione tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de hojas blanqueadas y necróticas en experimentos de invernadero. Tanto los estudios de invernadero como los de campo apoyan los resultados de que aplicaciones de N cercanas a la aplicación de mesotrione mejoran la actividad del herbicida. De esta forma, los usuarios pueden combinar aplicaciones de N y mesotrione POST o realizarlas en momentos cercanos para mejorar el control de malezas del género Digitaria.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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