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Dielectrophoretical fabrication of hybrid carbon nanotubes-hydrogel biomaterial for muscle tissue engineering applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2014

Javier Ramón-Azcón ,
Samad Ahadian ,
Raquel Obregon ,
Hitoshi Shiku ,
Ali Khademhosseini  and
Tomokazu Matsue
Javier Ramón-Azcón
Affiliation:
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
Samad Ahadian
Affiliation:
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
Raquel Obregon
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
Hitoshi Shiku
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
Ali Khademhosseini
Affiliation:
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
Tomokazu Matsue
Affiliation:
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Abstract

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) approach was employed to achieve highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within the gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels in a facile, rapid, inexpensive, and reproducible manner. This approach enabled us to make different CNTs alignments (e.g., vertical or horizontal alignments) within the GelMA hydrogel using different electrode designs or configurations. Anisotropically aligned GelMA-CNTs hydrogels showed considerably higher conductivity compared to randomly distributed CNTs dispersed in the GelMA hydrogel and the pristine and non-conductive GelMA hydrogel. Adding 0.3 mg/mL CNTs to the GelMA hydrogel led to a slight increase in the mechanical properties of the GelMA and made it to behave as a viscoelastic material. Therefore, it can be used as a suitable scaffold for soft tissues, such as skeletal muscle tissue. 3D microarrays of skeletal muscle myofibers were then fabricated based on the GelMA and GelMA-CNTs hydrogels and they were characterized in terms of gene expressions related to the muscle cell differentiation and contraction. Owing to high electrical conductivity of aligned GelMA-CNTs hydrogels, the engineered muscle tissues cultivated on these materials demonstrated superior maturation and functionality particularly after applying the electrical stimulation (voltage 8 V, frequency 1 Hz, and duration 10 ms for 2 days) compared to the corresponding tissues obtained on the pristine GelMA and randomly distributed CNTs within the GelMA hydrogel.

Keywords

biomaterialelectrical propertiesnanostructure
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1621: Symposium H/C/D/J – Advances in Structures, Properties and Applications of Biological and Bioinspired Materials , 2014 , pp. 81 - 86
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

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