Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T07:50:32.560Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Determination of Seasonality Patterns in the Transport of Cruise Travellers Through Clustering Techniques

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2019

Jeronimo Esteve-Perez*
Affiliation:
(Department of Naval Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Paseo Alfonso XIII 52, 30203 Cartagena, Spain)
Antonio Garcia-Sanchez
Affiliation:
(Department of Economics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Calle Real 3, 30201 Cartagena, Spain)

Abstract

The tourist attraction of a cruise itinerary is composed of the on board experience plus the shore-based experience. Due to the positive dynamism of the cruise industry since the beginning of the twenty-first century, cruise lines are driven to innovate to create new experiences that help maintain high demand rates. From the point of view of creating new experiences on land, cruise lines move their vessels from one destination region to another to maximise the vessel's occupancy and to offer itineraries with a wider variety of shore-based attractions. These new itinerary designs lead to alterations in the seasonality patterns of the neighbouring regions. In this work, the 17 most important cruise ports located in the northeast quadrant of the Atlantic Ocean are analysed to find groups of ports with homogeneous seasonality patterns using clustering techniques. The analysis showed two different seasonality patterns. Consequently, some implications to improve the use of the ports of both clusters are included.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agence Nationale des Ports. (2017). Cruise passenger statistics. Agence Nationale des Ports.Google Scholar
Bagis, O. and Dooms, M. (2014). Turkey's potential on becoming a cruise hub for the East Mediterranean Region: the case of Istanbul. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 13, 615.Google Scholar
Charlier, J. (1999). The Seasonal Factor in the Geography of Cruise Shipping. The Dock and Harbour Authority, 79, 22142219.Google Scholar
Charlier, J. J. and McCalla, R. J. (2006). A Geographical Overview of the World Cruise Market and Its Seasonal Complementarities. In Cruise Ship Tourism, edited by Dowling, R.K., pp. 1830. CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Chin-Shan, L., Kee-Hung, L. and Cheng, T. C. E. (2005). An evaluation of web site services in liner shipping in Taiwan. Transportation, 32, 293318.Google Scholar
Choo, H. and Petrick, J. F. (2012). Comparison Between First-timers and Repeaters for Relationship Marketing Implications. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(3), 298302.Google Scholar
CLIA (Cruise Lines International Association). (2017). 2018 Cruise industry Outlook. CLIA.Google Scholar
Cruise Industry News. (2017). 2017 Cruise Industry Infographic. Cruise Industry News.Google Scholar
Cruise Market Watch. (2018). Growth of the Ocean Cruise Line Industry. http://www.cruisemarketwatch.com/growth/. Accessed 29 January 2018.Google Scholar
Cruise Trade News. (2018). What are the biggest issues facing the cruise industry today? https://www.cruisetradenews.com/what-are-the-biggest-issues-facing-the-cruise-industry-today/. Accessed 10 January 2019.Google Scholar
De Oña, J., de Oña, R. and López, G. (2016). Transit service quality analysis using cluster analysis and decision trees: a step forward to personalized marketing in public transportation. Transportation, 43, 725747.Google Scholar
Ducret, R., Lemarié, B. and Roset, A. (2016). Cluster analysis and spatial modeling for urban freight. Identifying homogeneous urban zones based on urban form and logistics characteristics. Transportation Research Procedia, 12, 301313.Google Scholar
Esteve-Perez, J. and Garcia-Sanchez, A. (2015). Cruise Market: Stakeholders and the Role of Ports and Tourist Hinterlands. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 17(3), 371388.Google Scholar
Esteve-Perez, J. and Garcia-Sanchez, A. (2017a). Strategic positioning analysis of Spanish cruise ports. Maritime Business Review, 2(2), 158170. https://doi.org/10.1108/MABR-03-2017-0011.Google Scholar
Esteve-Perez, J. and Garcia-Sanchez, A. (2017b). Characteristics and consequences of the cruise traffic seasonality on ports: the Spanish Mediterranean case. Maritime Policy and Management, 44(3), 358372.Google Scholar
Google. (2018). Google Maps. https://www.google.es/maps/@34.5362855,-19.3283237,6.06z?hl=es. Accessed 7 April 2018.Google Scholar
Gramolini, R., Grati, F., Fabi, G. and Schulze, T. (2013). Interaction in coastal waters: A roadmap to sustainable integration of aquaculture and fisheries. CNR-ISMAR.Google Scholar
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Hall, D. R. (1999). Conceptualising tourism transport: inequality and externality issues. Journal of Transport Geography, 7, 181188.Google Scholar
Hayuth, Y. and Fleming, D. K. (1994). Concepts of strategic commercial location: the case of container ports. Maritime Policy and Management, 21(3), 187193.Google Scholar
Hosany, S. and Witham, M. (2010). Dimensions of Cruisers’ Experiences, Satisfaction, and Intention to Recommend. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 351364.Google Scholar
Jeon, J.-W., Duru, O. and Yeo, G.-T. (2019). Cruise port centrality and spatial patterns of cruise shipping in the Asian market. Maritime Policy & Management. doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2019.1570370.Google Scholar
Jones, R. V. (2011). Motivations to Cruise: An Itinerary and Cruise Experience Study. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 18(1), 3040.Google Scholar
Kwan, M. P. and Weber, J. (2008). Scale and accessibility: implications for the analysis of land-use – travel interaction. Applied Geography, 28, 110123.Google Scholar
Kwortnik, R. J. Jr. (2006). Carnival Cruise Lines: Burnishing the brand. Cornell hotel and restaurant administration quarterly, 47(3), 286300.Google Scholar
Luković, T. and Božić, K. (2011). Seasonality: A factor of Crisis or Development in Cruise Tourism?. In Cruise Sector Challenges: Making Progress in an Uncertain World, edited by Gibson, P., Papathanassis, A., and Milde, P., 2537. Gabler Verlag.Google Scholar
Marti, B. E. (1990). Geography and the cruise ship port selection process. Maritime Policy and Management, 17(3), 157164.Google Scholar
McCalla, R. J. (1998). An investigation into site and situation: cruise ship ports. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 89(1), 4455.Google Scholar
MedCruise. (2008). MedCruise Statistics Report 1998 – 2002 – 2007 and 2008. MedCruise.Google Scholar
MedCruise. (2017). Cruise Activities in MedCruise Ports: Statistics 2016. MedCruise.Google Scholar
MSC Cruises. (2018). MSC Meraviglia Ship information. https://www.msccruises.co.uk/en-gb/Discover-MSC/Cruise-Ships/MSC-Meraviglia.aspx. Accessed 6 February 2018.Google Scholar
Pallis, T. (2015). Cruise Shipping and Urban Development: State of the Art of the Industry and Cruise Ports. Discussion Paper No. 2015–14. International Transport Forum.Google Scholar
Porto de Leixoes. (2017). Cruise passenger statistics of the port of Leixoes. Administração dos Portos do Douro, Leixoes e Viana do Castelo, S.A.Google Scholar
Porto de Lisboa. (2017). Cruise passenger statistics of the port of Lisbon. Porto de Lisboa.Google Scholar
Portos da Madeira. (2017). Cruise passenger statistics of the port of Funchal. Portos da Madeira.Google Scholar
Portos dos Açores. (2017). Cruise passenger statistics of the ports of Azores. Portos dos Açores.Google Scholar
Pritchard, J. P., Moura, F., de Abreu e Silva, J. and Martinez, L. M. (2014). Spatial analysis of transportation-related social exclusion in the Lisbon metropolitan area. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 111, 440449.Google Scholar
Puertos del Estado. (2017). Estadísticas mensuales de pasajeros de crucero. Puertos del Estado.Google Scholar
Rey-Graña, C. and Ramil-Díaz, M. (2007). Introducción a la estadística descriptiva. (2nd ed.). Netbiblo.Google Scholar
Rodrigue, J. P. and Notteboom, T. E. (2013). The geography of cruises: Itineraries, not destinations. Applied Geography, 38, 3142.Google Scholar
Rodrigue, J. P., Comtois, C. and Slack, B. (2017). The geography of transport systems. (4th ed.). Routledge.Google Scholar
Sun, X., Feng, X. and Gauri, D. K. (2014). The cruise industry in China: efforts, progress and challenges. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 42, 7184.Google Scholar
Sun, X., Kwortnik, R. and Gauri, D. K. (2018). Exploring behavioral differences between new and repeat cruisers to a cruise brand. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 71, 132140.Google Scholar
Tichavska, M. and Tovar, B. (2015). Port-city exhaust emission model: An application to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 78, 347360.Google Scholar
Wang, G., Pallis, A. A. and Notteboom, T. (2015). Cooperation and Vertical Integration in Cruise Ports. Paper presented at the International Association of Maritime Economists Annual Conference 2015, Kuala Lumpur, August 24–26.Google Scholar
Wang, K., Wang, S., Zhen, L. and Qu, X. (2016). Cruise shipping review: operations planning and research opportunities. Maritime Business Review, 1(2), 133148.Google Scholar
Wang, K., Wang, S., Zhen, L. and Qu, X. (2017). Cruise service planning considering berth availability and decreasing marginal profit. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 95, 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2016.10.020.Google Scholar