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Ultrastructural Mechanical and Material Characterization of Fossilized Bone

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2011

Sara Elizabeth Olesiak ,
Michelle Oyen ,
Matthew Sponheimer ,
Jaelyn J. Eberle  and
Virginia L. Ferguson
Sara Elizabeth Olesiak
Affiliation:
sarasoup@gmail.com, University of Colorado, Mechanical Engineering, UCB 427, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
Michelle Oyen
Affiliation:
mlo29@cam.ac.uk, Cambridge University, Engineering, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
Matthew Sponheimer
Affiliation:
msponheimer@gmail.com, University of Colorado, Department of Anthropology, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
Jaelyn J. Eberle
Affiliation:
Jaelyn.Eberle@colorado.edu, University of Colorado, Department of Geological Sciences and University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
Virginia L. Ferguson
Affiliation:
virginia.ferguson@colorado.edu, University of Colorado, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
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Abstract

Bone plays a key role in the paleontological and archeological records and can provide insight into the biology, ecology and the environment of ancient vertebrates. Examination of bone at the tissue level reveals a definitive relationship between nanomechanical properties and the local organic content, mineral content, and microstructural organization. However, it is unclear as to how these properties change following fossilization, or diagenesis, where the organic phase is rapidly removed and the remaining mineral phase is reinforced by the deposition of apatites, calcites, and other minerals. While the process of diagenesis is poorly understood, its outcome clearly results in the potential for dramatic alteration of the mechanical response of biological tissues. In this study, fossilized specimens of mammalian long bones, collected from Colorado and Wyoming, were studied for mechanical variations. Nanoindentation performed in both longitudinal and transverse directions revealed preservation of bone's natural anisotropy as transverse modulus values were consistently smaller than longitudinal values. Additionally modulus values of fossilized bone from 35.0 to 89.1 GPa increased linearly with logarithm of the sample's age. Future studies will aim to clarify what mechanical and material elements of bone are retained during diagenesis as bone becomes part of the geologic milieu.

Keywords

bonearchaeologystrength
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 975: Symposium DD – Mechanics of Biological and Bio-Inspired Materials , 2006 , 0975-DD03-09
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

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