Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-skm99 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T23:30:11.859Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Trilobites from the Upper Ordovician Tangtou Formation, Jiangsu Province, China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

Ronald P. Tripp ,
Zhiyi Zhou  and
Zhenqin Pan
Ronald P. Tripp
Affiliation:
Ronald P. Tripp, Department of Invertebrate Palaeontology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto,CanadaM5S 2C6.
Zhiyi Zhou
Affiliation:
Zhiyi Zhou, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China.
Zhenqin Pan
Affiliation:
Zhenqin Pan, Regional Geological Surveying Team of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Forty-one species assigned to thirty-seven named genera of trilobites are described from the Tangtou Formation at Tangshan and Lunshan, in Jiangsu Province, SE China. Nankinolithus nankinensis Lu, the Zone fossil of the upper part of the Formation, is abundant. Many Tangtou Formation species occur also in the Huangnehkan, Linhsiang and Chiencaokou formations, and all are considered to be of early Ashgill age. The trilobites are closely related to those of the Staurocephalus clavifrons Zone (Rawtheyan) of Poland, demonstrating the long duration and wide extent of deeper water faunas. There are also close links with the Ashgill faunas of Central Asia.

One new species, Amphitryon cheni, is established. The following morphological features are described: a small remopleuridine hypostome is unlike any other in construction; Nileus transversus retains genal spines to full grown size in some specimens, but loses them in others; the hypostome lacks the posteromedian cusp of other species. The hypostome of Paraphillipsinella is strongly styginid in conformation, and unlike that of Phillipsinella. Telephina convexa is the only species known with three spines on the librigena. The arrangement of pits in Nankinolithus nankinensis, the type species, is described, including illustrations of the irregularities which occur in every fringe. A small bulb at the tip of the hypostome of Ovalocephalus (= Hammatocnemis) bears two backwardly pointing spinules, one above the other, on the vertical posterior margin. Three types of protaspides, and numerous meraspid parts are described.

Keywords

Ashgillcranidiumfixigenahypostomelibrigenaontogenypalaeoecology.
Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 80 , Issue 1 , 1989 , pp. 25 - 68
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdullaev, R. N. 1972. Trilobites of the Upper Ordovician in Bukantau. In Masymov, A. S. & Abdullaev, R. N. (eds) New data on the fauna of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic of Uzbekistan. AKAD NAUK UZB SSR INST GEOL GEOPHYS FAN TASHKENT (in Russian).Google Scholar
Abdullaev, R. N. & Khaletzkaya, O. N. 1970. Trilobites and graptolites from the Ordovician of Pskemski Ridge. In Lower Palaeozoic of Chatkalskii Range. AKAD NAUK UZB SSS IMV GEOL FAN TASHKENT (in Russian).Google Scholar
Angelin, N. P. 1854. Palaeontologica Scandinavica I: Crustacea formationis transitionis Fasc 2. Lipsiae: Apud T. O. Wiegel.Google Scholar
Apollonov, M. K. 1970. Trilobite zones of Ashgillian and the upper boundary of the Ordovician in Kazakhstan. IZV AKAD NAUK KAZAKH SSR 6, 50–58 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Apollonov, M. K. 1974. Ashgill Trilobites of Kazakhstan. IZD NAUKA KAZAKHSKOI SSR, Alma-Ata. 1–136 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Bancroft, B. B. 1949. Upper Ordovician trilobites of zonal value in south-east Shropshire. Ed. by Lamont, A.. PROC R SOC LONDON B136, 291–315.Google Scholar
Barrande, J. 1846. Notice préliminaire sur la systême Silurien et les trilobites de la Bohême. Leipsic.Google Scholar
Barrande, J. 1847. Über das Hypostoma und Epistoma, zwei analoge, aber verschiedene Organe der Trilobiten. NEUES JAHRB MIN GEOL PALÄONTOL JG 1847, 385–99.Google Scholar
Barrande, J. 1852. Systême Silurien du centre de la Bohême, lère Partie. Récherches paléontologiques. Vol. 1, Crustacés: Trilobites. Prague & Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrande, J. 1872. Systême Silurien du centre de la Bohême, lère partie. Récherches paléontologiques, supplément au vol. 1. Prague.Google Scholar
Billings, E. 1861–1865. Palaeozoic fossils, volume 1. Containing descriptions and figures of new or little known species of organic remains from the Silurian rocks. GEOL SURV CANADA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruton, D. L. 1976. The trilobite genus Phillipsinella from the Ordovician of Scandinavia and Great Britain. PALAEONTOLOGY 19, 699–718.Google Scholar
Burmeister, H. 1843. Die Organisation der Trilobiten. Berlin: Georg Reimer.Google Scholar
Chatterton, B. D. E. 1980. Ontogenetic studies of Middle Ordovician trilobites from the Esbataottine Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, Canada. PALAEONTOGR ABT A 171, 1–74.Google Scholar
Chatterton, B. D. E. & Ludvigsen, R. 1976. Silicified Middle Ordovician Trilobites from the South Nahanni River Area, District of Mackenzie, Canada. PALAEONTOGR ABT A 154, 1–106.Google Scholar
Chatterton, B. D. E. & Perry, D. G. 1983. Silicified Silurian odontopleurid trilobites from the Mackenzie Mountains. PALAEONTOGR CANADIANA 1, 1–126.Google Scholar
Cheng, R. & Jian, W. 1961. On the occurrence of Nankinolithus from the upper Ordovician in Dabashan, N. Sichuan. ACTA PALAEONTOL SIN 9, 337–39.Google Scholar
Chugaeva, M. N., Rozman, K. H. & Ivanova, V. A. 1964. Comparative biostratigraphy of the Ordovician deposits in the North-East USSR. TRUDY GEOL INST LENINGR 106, 1–226 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Cocks, L. R. M. & Jia-yu, Rong 1988. A review of the late Ordovician Foliomena brachiopod fauna with new data from China, Wales and Poland. PALAEONTOLOGY 31, 53–67.Google Scholar
Cooper, G. A. & Kindle, C. H. 1936. New brachiopods and trilobites from the Upper Ordovician of Percé, Quebec. J PALEONTOL 10, 348–72.Google Scholar
Dalman, J. W. 1827. Om Palaeaderna, eller de sâ kallade Trilobiterna. BIH K SVEN VENSKKAPSAKADS HANDL 1, 113–52, 226–94.Google Scholar
Dean, W. T. 1963. The Ordovician trilobite faunas of south Shropshire. III. BULL BR MUS NAT HIST (GEOL) 7, 215–54.Google Scholar
Dean, W. T. 1971. The trilobites of the Chair of Kildaire Limestone (Upper Ordovician) of eastern Ireland. Part 1. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR 531, 1–60.Google Scholar
Dean, W. T. 1974. The trilobites of the Chair of Kildaire Limestone (Upper Ordovician) of eastern Ireland. Part 2. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR 539, 61–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, W. T., Monod, O. & Perincek, D. 1981. Correlation of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in Southeastern Turkey. Petroleum Activities at the 100th Year (100 Yilda Petrol Faaliyeti). T. C. PETROL ISLERI GENEL MÜDÜRLÜǦÜ DERGISI 25, 269–91 (in English); 292–300 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Dean, W. T. & Zhou, Z. 1988. Upper Ordovician trilobites from the Zap Valley, South-East Turkey. PALAEONTOLOGY 31, 621–49.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. 1980. The Ordovician Trilobites of Spitzbergen. III. Remaining trilobites of the Valhallfonna Formation. NORSK POLARINST SKRIFT 171, 1–163.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. & Owens, R. M. 1987. The Arenig Series in South Wales. BULL BR MUS NAT HIST (GEOL) 41, 69–307.Google Scholar
Gürich, G. 1907. Versuch einer Neueinteilung der Trilobiten. ZENTBL MINER GEOL PALÄONT JG 1907, 129–33.Google Scholar
Han, N. 1978. Panderian Organs of Cydopyge rotundata Lu (Trilobita). ACTA PALAEONTOL SIN 17, 351–6.Google Scholar
Han, N. 1984. The Panderian Organs of Nileus nileonis (Trilobita). ACTA PALAEONTOL SIN 23, 513–18 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Harrington, H. J. & Leanza, A. F. 1957. Ordovician trilobites of Argentina. DEP GEOL, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, SPEC PAP Bl, 1–276.Google Scholar
Hawle, I. & Corda, A. J. C. 1847. Prodrom einer monographie der böhmischen trilobiten. Prague: J. G. Calve'sche Buchhandlung.Google Scholar
Holliday, S. 1942. Ordovician trilobites from Nevada. J PALAEONTOL 16, 471–8.Google Scholar
Howell, B. F. 1935. Cambrian and Ordovician trilobites from Hérault, southern France. J PALAEONTOL 9, 222–38.Google Scholar
Hughes, C. P. 1969. The Ordovician trilobite faunas of the Builth-Llandrindod inlier, central Wales. Part 1. BULL BRIT MUS NAT HIST (GEOL) 18, 39–103.Google Scholar
Hughes, C. P., Ingham, J. K. & Addison, R. 1975. The morphology, classification and evolution of the Trinucleidae (Trilobita). PHILOS TRANS R SOC LONDON B272, 537–607.Google Scholar
Hupé, P. 1953. Classification des trilobites. ANN PALÉONTOL 39, 61–168.Google Scholar
Hupé, P. 1955. Classification des trilobites. ANN PALÉONTOL 41, 91–325.Google Scholar
Ingham, J. K. 1970. A monograph of the upper Ordovician trilobites from the Cautley and Dent districts of Westmorland and Yorkshire. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR 526, 1–58.Google Scholar
Jaekel, O. 1909. Über die Agnostiden. Z DEUTSCH GEOL GESELL 61, 380–401.Google Scholar
Ji, Z. 1982. Stratigraphical distribution and range of the Trilobite Family Phillipsinellidae in South China. BULL INST GEOL CHINESE ACAD GEOL SCI 6, 57–68 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Ji, Z. 1986. Upper Ordovician (middle Caradoc-early Ashgill) trilobites from the Pagoda Formation in South China. PROF PAP STRATIGR PALAEONTOL, CHINESE ACAD GEOL SCI 15, 1–39 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Kielan, Z. 1960. Upper Ordovician trilobites from Poland and some related forms from Czechoslovakia and Scandinavia. PALAEONTOL POL 11, 1–198.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1939. On the Kainella Fauna of the Basal Ordovician Age from Argentina. JPN J GEOL GEOGR 12, 60–7.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1951. On the Ordovician Trilobites in Central China. J FAC SCI UNIV TOKYO, SEC II 8, 1–87.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. & Hamada, T. 1978. Upper Ordovician Trilobites from the Langkawi islands, Malaysia. GEOL PALAEONTOL SE ASIA 19, 1–27.Google Scholar
Kolova, L. A. 1936. Materials for the study of the Lower Silurian Trilobites of the Dze'bagly-tay Range. MATER GEOL SRED AZII 4, 29–54 (in Russian with English summary).Google Scholar
Koroleva, M. N. 1959. New species of trilobites from the Middle and Upper Ordovician of northern Kazakhstan. DOKL AKAD NAUK SSSR, 1313–6 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Koroleva, M. N. 1961. A new trilobite Trigonoaspis from the Middle Ordovician of N. Kazakhstan. TRUDY KAZAKHSTAN NAUCHO ISSLED MIN SYR'YA 5, 73–81 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Koroleva, M. N. 1982. Ordovician trilobites from north-eastern Kazakhstan. Moscow: Nedra (in Russian).Google Scholar
Kutorga, S. 1854. Einige Sphaerexochus und Cheirurus aus den silurischen Kalksteinschichten de Gouvernments von St. Petersburg. ZAP IMP MINER OBSCH 13, 105–26.Google Scholar
Lai, C., Wang, X., Yi, Y., An, T., Zhang, W., Qiu, H., Chen, T., Fu, K., Lin, B., Liu, D. & Yang, J. 1982. The Ordovician System of China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Lake, P. 1907. A monograph of the British Cambrian trilobites. Part II. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR, 29–48.Google Scholar
Lamont, A. 1948. Scottish Dragons. QUARRY MANAGERS J 31, 531–5.Google Scholar
Lane, P. D. 1971. British Cheiruridae (Trilobita). PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR 125, 1–95.Google Scholar
Lee, S. 1978. Atlas of fossils of Southwest China, Sichuan Volume, Part 1. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Levitskii, E. S. 1962. On a new genus of trilobites—Cybelurus gen. nov. GEOL I RAZVED 7, 129–32 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Li, Y., Song, L., Zhou, Z. & Yang, J. et al. 1975. Stratigraphical Gazeteer of Lower Palaeozoic, western Dabashan. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Lu, Y. 1954. A brief note on the Upper Ordovician trilobites from Tangshan, Nanjing. PROC PALAEONTOL SOC CHINA 7, 1–8 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Lu, Y. 1957. Trilobita. In Institute of Palaeontology, Academia Sinica (ed.) Index fossils of China. Invertebrates (3), 249–94 Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Lu, Y. 1975. Ordovician trilobite faunas of Central and Southwestern China. PALAEONTOL SIN NEW SER B 11 (in Chinese with English translation).Google Scholar
Lu, Y., Chang, W., Chu, C., Chien, Y. & Hsiang, L. 1965. Trilobites of China. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Lu, Y., Chu, C., Chien, Y., Zhou, Z., Chen, J., Liu, G., Yu, W., Chen, X. & Xu, H. 1976. Ordovician biostratigraphy and palaeozoogeography of China. MEM NANJING INST GEOL PALAEONTOL 7, 1–83 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Lu, Y. & Chang, W. 1974. Ordovician Trilobites. In A handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology in southwest China. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Lu, Y. & Zhou, Z. 1979. Systematic position and phylogeny of Hammatocnemis (Trilobita). ACTA PALAEONTOL SIN 18, 415–34 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Lu, Y. & Zhou, Z. 1981. Early Upper Ordovician Trilobites from the Nanjing Hills. BULL NANJING INST GEOL PALAEONTOL 3, 1–27 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Marek, L. 1952. Contribution to the Stratigraphy and Fauna of the uppermost part of the Kràlův Dvůr Shales (Ashgillian). SB ÚSTŘED ÚST GEOL PALEONT 19, 429–55.Google Scholar
Marek, L. 1961. The Trilobite Family Cyclopygidae Raymond in the Ordovician of Czechoslovakia. ROZPR USTRED ÚSTAV GEOL 28, 1–84.Google Scholar
Milne Edwards, H. 1840. Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés. III. Paris: Librairie Encyclopédique de roret.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C. (ed.) 1959. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. Lawrence: Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Mu, E. 1974. Evolution, classification and distribution of graptaloidea and graptodendroids. SCI SIN 17, 227–38.Google Scholar
Mu, E., Pen, J. & Yu, C. 1955. New information of Ordovician strata at Tangshan, Nanjing. KNOWL GEOL 1, 23–4.Google Scholar
Nikolaisen, F. 1963. The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo region, Norway. 14. The trilobite family Telephinidae. NORSK GEOL TIDSSKR 43, 345–99.Google Scholar
Nikolaisen, F. 1982. The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo region, Norway. 32. Trilobites of the family Remopleurididae. NORSK GEOL TIDSSKR 62, 231–329.Google Scholar
Novák, O. 1885. Studien an Hypostomen böhmischen Trilobiten, No. III. SITZ DER KÖNIGL BÖHM GES WISS MATHNAT KL, JG 1884, 581–87.Google Scholar
Olin, E. 1906. Om de Chasmopskalken och Trinucleusskifern motsvarande bildigarne i Skane. ACTA UNIV LUND 2, 1–79.Google Scholar
Osmólska, H. 1957. Trilobites from the Couvinian of Wydryszów (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland). ACTA PALAEONTOL POL 2, 53–77.Google Scholar
Owen, A. 1983. Abnormal cephalic fringes in the Trinucleidae and Harpetidae (Trilobita). SPEC PAP PALAEONTOL 30, 241–47.Google Scholar
Owen, A. & Bruton, D. L. 1980. Late Caradoc-early Ashgill trilobites from central Oslo Region, Norway. Klampenborg, Denmark: Scandinavian Science Press.Google Scholar
Pek, I. 1977. Agnostid trilobites of the central Bohemian Ordovician. SB GEOL VED PALAEONTOL 19, 7–44.Google Scholar
Prantl, F. & Přibyl, A. 1948. Some new or imperfectly known Ordovician Trilobites from Czechoslovakia. BULL INT ACAD TCHEQUE SCI, 1–23.Google Scholar
Přibyl, A. 1946. Notes on the recognition of the Bohemian Proetidae (Trilobitae). BULL INT ACAD SCI 46, 91–131.Google Scholar
Přibyl, A. & Vanêk, J. 1980. Ordovician trilobites of Bolivia. ROZPR CESK ACAD VED 90, 3–90.Google Scholar
Přibyl, A. & Vanêk, J. 1981. Preliminary report on some new trilobites of the family Harpetidae Hawle et Corda. CAS MINERAL GEOL 26, 187–93.Google Scholar
Price, D. 1973. The Phillipsinella parabola—Staurocephalus clavifrons fauna and Upper Ordovician correlation. GEOL MAG 110, 535–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, D. 1980. The Ordovician trilobite fauna of the Sholeshook Limestone Formation of South Wales. PALAEONTOLOGY 23, 839–87.Google Scholar
Price, D. 1981. Ashgill trilobite faunas from the Llŷn Peninsula, North Wales, UK. GEOL J 16, 201–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qiu, H., Lu, Y., Zhu, Z., Bi, D., Lin, T., Zhou, Z., Zhang, Q., Qian, Y., Ju, T., Han, N. & Wei, X. 1983. Trilobita. In Palaeontological Atlas of East China, p. 28–254. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Raymond, P. E. 1913. Notes on some New and Old Trilobites in the Victoria Memorial Museum. VICTORIA MEM BULL 1, 33–80.Google Scholar
Raymond, P. E. 1920. Some new Ordovician trilobites. BULL MUS COMP ZOOL HARVARD 64, 273–96.Google Scholar
Raymond, P. E. 1925. Some trilobites of the lower middle Ordovician of Eastern North America. BULL MUS COMP ZOOL HARVARD 67, 1–180.Google Scholar
Reed, F. R. C. 1896. The fauna of the Keisley Limestone. Part 1. Q J GEOL SOC LONDON 52, 407–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, F. R. C. 1906. Lower Palaeozoic Fossils of the North Shan States, Burma. MEM GEOL SURV INDIA, PALAEONTOL INDICA 2, 1–154.Google Scholar
Reed, F. R. C. 1915. Supplementary Memoir on New Ordovician and Silurian Fossils from the Northern Shan States. MEM GEOL SURV INDIA, PALAEONTOL INDICA 6, 1–123.Google Scholar
Repina, V. V., Petrunina, Z. E. & Hajrullina, T. I. 1975. Trilobita. In Repina, L. N., Yaskovitch, B. V., Aksarina, N. A., Petrunina, Z. E., Poniklenko, I. A., Rubanov, D. A., Bolgova, G. V., Golikov, A. N., Hajrullina, T. I. & Posokhova, M. M. (eds) Stratigraphy and fauna of the Lower Palaeozoic, of the northern submontane belt and Alai Ridges, southern Tyanshan., 100–351. TRUDY INST GEOL GEOPHYS SIB OTD 278, 1–352 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Roualt, M. 1847. Catalogue des fossiles du terrain Paleozoique des environs de Rennes. BULL SOC GEOL FR 2, 309–28.Google Scholar
Rudkin, D. M. & Tripp, R. P. 1989. The type species of the Ordovician trilobite genus Isotelus: I. gigas Dekay, 1824. R ONTARIO MUS LIFE SCI CONTRIB 152, 1–24.Google Scholar
Salter, J. W. 1864. Figures and descriptions illustrative of British organic remains, Decade 11, Trilobites. MEM GEOL SURV UK 11.Google Scholar
Sars, M. 1835. Über einige neue oder unvollständig bekannte Trilobiten. ISIS 28, 333–43.Google Scholar
Schmidt, F. 1881. Revision der ostbaltischen Silurischen Trilobiten nebst geognosischer Übersicht des ostbaltischen Silurgebiets. Abt 1. Phacopiden, Cheiruriden und Encrinuriden. ZAP IMP ACAD NAUK 30, 1–237.Google Scholar
Schrank, E. 1972. Nileus-Arlen (Trilobita) aus Geschieben des Tremadoc bis tieferen Caradoc. BER DEUTSCH GES GEOL WISS. A 17, 351–75.Google Scholar
Schuchert, C. & Cooper, G. A. 1930. Upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian stratigraphy and paleontology of Percé, Quebec. Part 11. New species from the Upper Ordovician of Percé (G. A. Cooper). AM J SCI 20, 365–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheng, S. F. 1934. Lower Ordovician Trilobite Fauna of Chekiang. PALAEONTOL SIN SER 3, 1–19.Google Scholar
Sheng, S. F. 1964. Upper Ordovician Trilobite faunas of Szechuan-Kweichow with special discussion on the classification and boundaries of the Upper Ordovician. ACT A PALAEONTOL SIN 12, 553–63.Google Scholar
Sheng, X. 1974a. The age of the Dalmanitina Beds in China. In Subdivision and correlation of the Ordovician System in China, 53–95. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Sheng, X. 1974b. Ordovician trilobites from western Yunnan and its stratigraphical significance. In Subdivision and correlation of the Ordovician System in China, 96–140. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Sheng, X. & Ji, Z. 1987. On the age of the Pagoda Formation. PROF PAP STRATIGR PALAEONTOL, CHINESE ACAD GEOL SCI 16, 1–36 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Šnajdr, M. 1957. Classification of the Family Illaenidae (Hawle et Corda) in the Lower Palaeozoic of Czechoslovakia. SB USTRED USTAN GEOL 23, 125–254.Google Scholar
Šnajdr, M. 1983. On the status of the genus Alceste Hawle & Corda, 1847 (Trilobita). RADA PRIRODOVED 152, 9–11.Google Scholar
Sun, Y. C. 1931. Ordovician Trilobites of Central and Southern China. PALAEONTOL SIN SER B 7, 1–47.Google Scholar
Thorslund, P. & Asklund, B. 1935. Stratigrafiska och tektoniska studier inom Föllingeomradet i Jämtland. SVER GEOL UNDERS C388, 1–61.Google Scholar
Tripp, R. P. 1954. Caradocian Trilobites from Mudstones at Craighead Quarry, near Girvan, Ayrshire. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH 62, 655–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tripp, R. P. 1976. Trilobites from the basal superstes Mudstones (Ordovician) at Aldons Quarry, near Girvan, Ayrshire. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH 69, 369–423.Google Scholar
Tripp, R. P. 1980. Trilobites from the Ordovician Balclatchie and lower Ardwell groups of the Girvan district, Scotland. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH EARTH SCI 71, 123–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. 1922. Ordovician Hypoparian Genera of Trilobites. ABSTR BULL GEOL SOC AM 33, 205–6.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. 1930. Ordovician Trilobites of the family Telephidae and Concerned Stratigraphic Correlations. PROC US NATL MUS 76, 1–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogdes, A. W. 1890. A bibliography of Palaeozoic Crustacea from 1698 to 1889 including a list of North American species and a systematic arrangement of genera. US GEOL SURV BULL 63, 1–177.Google Scholar
Wang, Y. et al. 1962. Handbook of Index Fossils of the Yangzi region. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Wang, Y. et al. 1964. Handbook of Index Fossils of South China. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Weber, V. N. 1948. Monograph of the Palaeontology of the U.S.S.R., vol. 69, Trilobites of the Silurian sediments of the U.S.S.R. No. 1, Lower Silurian Trilobites. VSES NAUCHISSLED GEOL INST MINIST GEOL SSSR (in Russian).Google Scholar
Weir, J. A. 1959. Ashgillian trilobites from Co. Clare, Ireland. PALAEONTOLOGY 1, 369–83.Google Scholar
Whittard, W. F. 1966. The Ordovician Trilobites of the Shelve Inlier, West Shropshire. Part 8. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR 508, 265–306.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1941. Silicified Trenton trilobites. J PALEONT 15, 492–522.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1950a. A monograph of the British trilobites of the family Harpidae. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR, 1–55.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1950b. Sixteen Ordovician genotype trilobites. J PALEONTOL 24, 531–65.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1959. Silicified Middle Ordovician Trilobites: Remopleurididae, Trinucleidae, Raphiophoridae, Endymioniidae. BULL MUS COMP ZOOL HARVARD 121, 371–496.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1963. Middle Ordovician trilobites from Lower Head, Western Newfoundland. BULL MUS COMP ZOOL HARVARD 129, 1–118.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1965. Trilobites of the Ordovician Table Head Formation, western Newfoundland. BULL MUS COMP ZOOL HARVARD 132, 1–441.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1966a. A monograph of the Ordovician trilobites of the Bala Area, Merioneth. Part 3. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR 512, 63–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1966b. Phylogeny and distribution of Ordovician trilobites. J PALEONTOL 40, 696–737.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1968. A monograph of the Ordovician trilobites of the Bala Area, Merioneth. Part 4. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR 520, 93–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, S. 1978. Ordovician Trilobites. In Sinian to Permian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of East Yangtze Gorge area, 157–85. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Yi, Y. 1957. The Caradocian Fauna from Yangtse-Gorges. ACTA PALAEONT SINICA 5, 527–60 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Yin, G. & Lee, S. 1978. Trilobita. In Atlas of Palaeontology of Southwest China, Guizhou Province, 1, 385–595. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Zeng, Q., Ni, S., Xu, G., Zhou, T., Wang, X., Li, Z., Lai, C. & Xiang, L. 1983. Subdivision and correlation on the Ordovician in eastern Yangtze Gorges, China. BULL YICHANG INST GEOL MINER RES CHINESE ACAD GEOL SCI 6, 21–68.Google Scholar
Zhang, T. 1981. Trilobita. In Palaeontological Atlas of Northwest China. Xinjiang (1), 134–213. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Zhang, W. (Chang, W. T.) 1979. On the Miomera and Polymera (Trilobita). SCI SIN 10, 996–1004 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Zhang, W. (Chang, W. T.) 1980. On the Miomera and Polymera (Trilobita). SCI SIN 23, 223–34.Google Scholar
Zhou, T., Liu, Y., Meng, X. & Sun, Z. 1977. Trilobita. In Atlas of Palaeontology of Central and South China (1), 140–266. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Zhou, Z. 1987. Notes on Chinese Ordovician Agnostids. ACTA PALAEONTOL SIN 26, 639–61.Google Scholar
Zhou, Z., Lee, J. & Qu, X. 1982. Trilobita. In Palaeontological Atlas of Northwest China, Shaanxi, Gansu & Ningxia Volume, Part 1. Precambrian to Early Palaeozoic., 215–460. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Zhou, Z., Yin, G. & Tripp, R. P. 1984. Trilobites from the Ordovician Shihtzupu Formation, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH EARTH SCI 75, 13–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, Z. & Dean, W. T. 1986. Ordovician trilobites from Chadao, Gansu Province, North–West China. PALAEONTOLOGY 29, 743–86.Google Scholar
Zhou, Z. & Zhou, Z. 1982. An Ashgill (Rawtheyan) Trilobite Faunule from Ejin Qi, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia). ACTA PALAEONTOL SIN 21, 669–71.Google Scholar