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Simulation and Fabrication of Two Dimensional Nonlinear Photonic Crystals using Barium Titanate Thin Films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Pao Tai Lin ,
Zhifu Liu  and
Bruce W. Wessels
Pao Tai Lin
Affiliation:
pao-lin@northwestern.edu, Northwestern University, Material Science & Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208-3108, United States, 14806124035
Zhifu Liu
Affiliation:
z-liu3@northwestern.edu, Northwestern University, Material Science & Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208-3108, United States
Bruce W. Wessels
Affiliation:
b-wessels@northwestern.edu, Northwestern University, Material Science & Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208-3108, United States
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Abstract

Photonic crystal (PhC) can potentially result in enhanced optical properties around critical points in the photonic band gap. Of interest here are enhanced nonlinear optical effects. In this study, one and two dimensional nonlinear PhC were designed and fabricated using barium titanium oxide (BTO) thin films as the active medium. Nonlinear PhC made with barium titanate thin films potentially provide integrated devices with the advantages of wide tunability and high stability. Films 500 nm thick deposited on MgO substrates were utilized. Two dimensional PhC structures were defined by focused ion beams (FIB). Before patterning, a thin metal layer was deposited on the barium titanate layers in order to improve the conductivity of the samples. After writing the patterns, cylindrical air holes were generated in the thin film layers. The PhC lattice constant and the hole radius were selected in sub-micron region in order to satisfy the requirement of wave resonance. The PhCs with sub-micron features were characterized by the atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and near field optical microscopy (NSOM). The transmission spectra of the PhC waveguides were calculated with a continuous wide band source that covered 1 to 2 micron wavelength. Simulations of the transmission characteristics were performed using the two dimensional finite difference time domain method (FDTD).

Keywords

optoelectronicnanostructureferroelectric
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1014: Symposium AA – Three-Dimensional Nano- and Microphotonics , 2007 , 1014-AA07-07
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

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