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Above- and belowground interference of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) with tomato

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

J. Pablo Morales-Payan ,
William M. Stall ,
Donald G. Shilling ,
Raghavan Charudattan ,
Joan A. Dusky  and
Thomas A. Bewick
William M. Stall
Affiliation:
Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Donald G. Shilling
Affiliation:
Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703
Raghavan Charudattan
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Joan A. Dusky
Affiliation:
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Thomas A. Bewick
Affiliation:
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, USDA, Washington, D.C. 20250-2220
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Abstract

Studies were conducted to determine the extent of full and partitioned interference of two nutsedge species with tomato. For full interference, the crop and the weed were transplanted in the same container. For belowground interference, tomato and either weed species were grown in the same container, but the canopies were separated. For aboveground interference, tomato and nutsedges were grown in separate containers placed adjacently, whereas for the no-interference treatment, tomato and nutsedge plants were grown in individual containers. Full interference by yellow nutsedge was more detrimental to tomato shoot dry weight accumulation (34% reduction) than was full interference by purple nutsedge (28% reduction). Belowground interference by purple nutsedge reduced tomato shoot dry weight (18%) more than did aboveground interference (9%). Yellow nutsedge interference above- or belowground reduced tomato shoot dry weight to a similar extent (19%). The belowground interference of both nutsedges with tomato resulted in deficient concentrations of nitrate in the sap of tomato (> 18% reduction). The growth of purple nutsedge was influenced more strongly by tomato shading than by belowground interference from the crop, whereas yellow nutsedge growth was equally affected by tomato above- and belowground. According to these results, shoot dry weight accumulation in tomato was affected to the same extent by belowground interference from purple and yellow nutsedge, and the higher effect of full interference by yellow nutsedge may be attributed to increased aboveground competition between tomato and yellow nutsedge.

Keywords

Purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. CYPROyellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. CYPEStomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Solimar’Competitionlight interferencepartitioning of interferenceweed–crop interferenceweed–vegetable interferenceweeds in vegetables
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 2 , April 2003 , pp. 181 - 185
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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