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Ritual Diversity and Divergence of Classic Maya Dynastic Traditions: A Lexical Perspective on Within-Group Cultural Variation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jessica Munson ,
Jonathan Scholnick ,
Matthew Looper ,
Yuriy Polyukhovych  and
Martha J. Macri
Jessica Munson
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Lycoming College, Williamsport, PA 17701, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Jonathan Scholnick
Affiliation:
Department of Linguistics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Matthew Looper
Affiliation:
Department of Art and Art History, California State University, Chico, CA 95929
Yuriy Polyukhovych
Affiliation:
Department of Art and Art History, California State University, Chico, CA 95929
Martha J. Macri
Affiliation:
Department of Linguistics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, Department of Native, American Studies, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Abstract

To study the Classic Maya is to at once recognize the shared material representations and practices that give coherence to this cultural category as a unit of analysis, as well as to critically examine the diversity and idiosyncrasy of specific cultural traits within prehispanic Maya society. Maya hieroglyphic writing, in particular the tradition of inscribing texts and images on carved stone monuments, offers evidence for widespread and mutually intelligible cultural practices that were, at the same time, neither unchanging nor uniform in their semantic content. As conduits of linguistic and cultural information, Maya hieroglyphic monuments offer detailed records of Classic Maya dynastic history that include the names, dates, and specific rituals performed by élite individuals. In this article, we analyze the distribution and diversity of these inscriptions to examine ritual variation and the divergence of dynastic traditions in Classic Maya society. Diversity indices and methods adapted from population genetics and ecology are applied to quantify the degree of ritual differentiation and evaluate how these measures vary over time and are partitioned within and between elite populations. Results of this research refine our understanding about the variation of Clássic Maya ritual traditions and make substantive contributions to examining the population structure of cultural diversity within past complex societies.

Resumen

Resumen

Estudiar el Clásico Maya implica,por un lado, reconocer las representaciones materiales compartidas asi'como las prácticas que dan coherencía a esta categoria cultural como unidad de andlisis, y, por otro lado, examinar criticamente la diversidad e idiosincrasia de los rasgos culturales específicos de la sociedad Maya prehispdnica. Los jeroglíficos mayas, en particular la tradition de la escritura e inscription de textos e imdgenes en monumentos depiedra tallada, ofrecen evidencia de prácticas culturales generalizadas y mutuamente inteligibles que nofueron ni inmutables ni uniformes en su contenido semántico. Como medios de information lingiiistica y cultural, los monumentos jeroglificos ofrecen un registro detallado de las dinastias del periodo Clásico e incluyen los nombres, fechas y rituales especificos escritos por individuos pertenecientes a las elites. En este trabajo se analizan la distribution y diversidad de estas inscripciones para determinar la variation ritual y divergencias entre las tradiciones dinásticas de la sociedad maya clásica. Se aplicaron mátodos e índices de diversidad quefueron adaptados de la génetica de las poblaciones y la ecologia para cuantificar el grado de diferenciaciόn ritual y para evaluar cόmo estas medidas varían con el tiempo y se dividen en y entre las poblaciones de ilite. Los resultados de esta investigation agudizan nuestra comprensidn acerca de la variatόn de tradiciones rituales del Clásico Maya y ofrecen contribuciones significativas al examen de la estructura poblacional dentro de la diversidad cultural de sociedades antiguas y complejas.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 74 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2016

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