Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-ws8qp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T22:01:37.163Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Food Addiction Does Not Explain Weight Gain in Smoking Cessation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2017

Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin*
Affiliation:
National Addiction Centre, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand University Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Department of Psychological Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Simon Justin Adamson
Affiliation:
National Addiction Centre, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
John Douglas Sellman
Affiliation:
National Addiction Centre, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
*
Address for correspondence: Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin, National Addiction Centre, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140New Zealand. Email: amersiddiq@um.edu.my.

Abstract

Introduction: Weight gain during smoking cessation is a major concern. The relationship between smoking and weight is complex and not well understood. There is interest in substitution of nicotine with food.

Aims: This study investigates whether the development of food addiction explains weight gain following a quit smoking attempt.

Methods: This study was a subset of a larger study investigating smoking cessation in New Zealand. Participants were assessed on five visits over a 1-year period. Using validated instruments, measurements for smoking, weight, food intake, craving and food addiction were taken.

Results: Among the 256 participants, 54.7% attended at least one follow-up. Food addiction prevalence at baseline was 0.8%. 14.5% were quit at early follow-up and 14.8% at late follow-up. Weight gain was found in abstainers compared to those still smoking. No increase in food addiction was detected.

Conclusion: The development of food addiction does not play a prominent role in post quit weight gain. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying weight gain mechanisms.

Type
Protocol
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amer Siddiq, A. N., Adamson, S., Schroder, R. N., & Sellman, J. D. (2013). The use of QCSRF and NEEDNT questionnaires to monitor weight gain post cessation. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 8 (Suppl 1), 11.Google Scholar
Aubin, H.-J., Farley, A., Lycett, D., Lahmek, P., & Aveyard, P. (2012). Weight gain in smokers after quitting cigarettes: Meta-analysis. British Medical Journal, 345. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4439.Google Scholar
Audrain-McGovern, J., & Benowitz, N. (2011). Cigarette smoking, nicotine, and body weight. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 90 (1), 164168.Google Scholar
Bush, T., Levine, M. D., Zbikowski, S., Deprey, M., Rabius, V., McAfee, T. et al. (2008). Weight gain after quitting: Attitudes, beliefs and counselling strategies of cessation counsellors. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 3 (02), 124132. doi:10.1375/jsc.3.2.124Google Scholar
Caldwell, B. O., Adamson, S. J., & Crane, J. (2014). Combination rapid-acting nicotine mouth spray and nicotine patch therapy in smoking cessation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu084.Google Scholar
Courvoisier, D. S., & Etter, J.-F. (2010). Comparing the predictive validity of five cigarette dependence questionnaires. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 107 (2–3), 128133. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.09.011Google Scholar
Eder, B. (2013). Development and Reliability of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Intake of Non-Essential Energy-Dense Nutritionally-Deficient (NEEDNT) Food Items. (Dietetics Masters), University of Otago, Dunedin.Google Scholar
Elmslie, J. L., Sellman, J. D., Schroder, R. N., & Carter, F. A. (2012). The NEEDNT food list: non-essential, energy-dense, nutritionally-deficient foods. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125 (1350), 8492.Google ScholarPubMed
Etter, J.-F., & Stapleton, J. (2006). Nicotine replacement therapy for long-term smoking cessation: a meta-analysis. Tobacco Control, 15 (4), 280285. doi:10.1136/tc.2005.015487.Google Scholar
Flint, A. J., Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., Brownell, K. D., Field, A. E., & Rimm, E. B. (2014). Food-addiction scale measurement in 2 cohorts of middle-aged and older women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99 (3), 578586.Google Scholar
Gearhardt, A. N., & Corbin, W. R. (2011). The role of food addiction in clinical research. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 17 (12), 11401142.Google Scholar
Hughes, J. R., Keely, J. P., Niaura, R. S., Ossip-Klein, D. J., Richmond, R. L., & Swan, G. E. (2003). Measures of abstinence in clinical trials: Issues and recommendations. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5 (1), 1325. doi:10.1093/ntr/5.1.13Google Scholar
Meule, A. (2011). How prevalent is ?food addiction??. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00061Google Scholar
Rodin, J. (1987). Weight change following smoking cessation: The role of food intake and exercise. Addictive Behaviors, 12 (4), 303317.Google Scholar
Sussman, S., Leventhal, A., Bluthenthal, R. N., Freimuth, M., Forster, M., & Ames, S. L. (2011). A framework for the specificity of addictions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8 (8), 33993415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Te Morenga, L., Mallard, S., & Mann, J. (2013). Dietary sugars and body weight: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. British Medical Journal, 346, e7492.Google Scholar
Toll, B. A., Katulak, N. A., Williams-Piehota, P., & O'Malley, S. (2008). Validation of a scale for the assessment of food cravings among smokers. Appetite, 50 (1), 2532.Google Scholar
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Tomasi, D., & Baler, R. D. (2013). Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps. Obesity Reviews, 14 (1), 218. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01031.x.Google Scholar