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Which nutrition screening tool should be used in oncology outpatient clinics?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2011

A. Donnelly ,
B. Talwar ,
P. Christodoulou  and
M. Y. Chan
A. Donnelly
Affiliation:
Department of health and human sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
B. Talwar
Affiliation:
Dietetics department, University College London Hospital, London, UK
P. Christodoulou
Affiliation:
Dietetics department, University College London Hospital, London, UK
M. Y. Chan
Affiliation:
Department of health and human sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
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Abstract

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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 69 , Issue OCE7: Malnutrition Matters, Joint BAPEN and Nutrition Society Meeting, 2nd and 3rd November 2010, Harrogate , 2010 , E572
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2011

The prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients is well documented. The consequences of this lead to poor response to treatment and increased mortality risk(Reference Ottery1). There is a clear need for a Dietitian in the oncology setting(Reference Gosselin, Gilliard and Tinnen2) as nutrition intervention has been shown to improve the nutritional status of oncology patients(Reference Isenring, Capra and Bauer3). What is less clear is what method to use for nutritional screening especially in the outpatient setting. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) has been validated for screening both inpatients and outpatients at risk of malnutrition(Reference Stratton, Hackston and Longmore4, 5). MUST has shown low sensitivity and specificity in at-risk cancer patients(Reference Huhmann and August6, Reference Roulston and McDermot7). The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment tool (PG-SGA) has been validated for use specifically in cancer patients as an assessment tool for malnutrition risk(Reference Bauer, Capra and Ferguson8). This assessment tool is made up of five worksheets that include a physical examination of the patient. The aim of this study was to compare the use of an abridged PG-SGA and MUST tools in a chemotherapy outpatient clinic at a Regional Cancer Centre. The findings would be used to suggest a suitable malnutrition screening tool for use in oncology outpatient clinics.

Sixty-five adult patients attending the chemotherapy outpatient clinic at University College London Hospital (UCLH) were screened using the MUST and an abridged PG-SGA tool. The abridged PG-SGA used worksheets 1 and 2 of the five available worksheets. Only cancer patients who were currently seeing a dietitian were excluded from the study.

Data were collected for 2 weeks and approval for the research as a service improvement project was granted by the UCLH ethics committee. The following non-parametric tests were used to analyse the data; Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Pearson's Correlation coefficient and Kappa test for agreement. Cross tabulations were run to examine the relationship between variables.

Of the different cancer types the highest percentage of patients were diagnosed with gynaecological cancers at 29%. The tests showed a significant difference in dietetic referral between the MUST and abridged PG-SGA (P=0.000). There was little correlation between the abridged PG-SGA and MUST (r=0.325, P=0.008) and no agreement between the two tools (k=0.254). The abridged PG-SGA identified 49% of patients for referral to the dietitian compared to 18% by MUST. The PG-SGA (n 14) referred more patients with BMI's over 25 kg/m2 than MUST (n 3).

In conclusion there was little agreement between the MUST and PG-SGA tools. The PG-SGA identified more patients in need of referral to a dietitian and identified more patients with BMI's greater that 25 kg/m2. This is especially beneficial for Breast and Gynaecological cancer patients whose weight loss maybe masked by tumour size or ascites(Reference Laky, Janda and Cleghorn9). Future studies should look at validating the abridged tool within cancer outpatient clinics. It is recommended that the PG-SGA tool be used for screening oncology outpatients above the MUST.

References

1.Ottery, FD (1996) Nutrition 12, S15–S19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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3.Isenring, E, Capra, S & Bauer, J (2004) Br J Cancer 91, 447–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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