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Intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters: observations and simulations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2016

Nora Lützgendorf ,
Markus Kissler-Patig ,
Karl Gebhardt ,
Holger Baumgardt ,
Diederik Kruijssen ,
Eva Noyola ,
Nadine Neumayer ,
Tim de Zeeuw ,
Anja Feldmeier  and
Edwin van der Helm
...Show all authors
Nora Lützgendorf
Affiliation:
ESA, Space Science Department, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands email: nluetzge@cosmos.esa.int
Markus Kissler-Patig
Affiliation:
Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii, 96720, USA
Karl Gebhardt
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Holger Baumgardt
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Diederik Kruijssen
Affiliation:
Max-Planck Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
Eva Noyola
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Nadine Neumayer
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Tim de Zeeuw
Affiliation:
European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
Anja Feldmeier
Affiliation:
European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
Edwin van der Helm
Affiliation:
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
Inti Pelupessy
Affiliation:
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
Simon Portegies Zwart
Affiliation:
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract

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The study of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) is a young and promising field of research. If IMBHs exist, they could explain the rapid growth of supermassive black holes by acting as seeds in the early stage of galaxy formation. Formed by runaway collisions of massive stars in young and dense stellar clusters, intermediate-mass black holes could still be present in the centers of globular clusters, today. Our group investigated the presence of intermediate-mass black holes for a sample of 10 Galactic globular clusters. We measured the inner kinematic profiles with integral-field spectroscopy and determined masses or upper limits of central black holes in each cluster. In combination with literature data we further studied the positions of our results on known black-hole scaling relations (such as M• − σ) and found a similar but flatter correlation for IMBHs. Applying cluster evolution codes, the change in the slope could be explained with the stellar mass loss occurring in clusters in a tidal field over its life time. Furthermore, we present results from several numerical simulations on the topic of IMBHs and integral field units (IFUs). We ran N-body simulations of globular clusters containing IMBHs in a tidal field and studied their effects on mass-loss rates and remnant fractions and showed that an IMBH in the center prevents core collapse and ejects massive objects more rapidly. These simulations were further used to simulate IFU data cubes. For the specific case of NGC 6388 we simulated two different IFU techniques and found that velocity dispersion measurements from individual velocities are strongly biased towards lower values due to blends of neighboring stars and background light. In addition, we use the Astrophysical Multipurpose Software Environment (AMUSE) to combine gravitational physics, stellar evolution and hydrodynamics to simulate the accretion of stellar winds onto a black hole.

Keywords

stars: kinematics and dynamicsmethods: numericalblack hole physics
Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 10 , Issue S312: Star Clusters and Black Holes in Galaxies across Cosmic Time , August 2014 , pp. 181 - 188
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2016 

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