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Calibrated density profiles of Caribbean mangrove peat sequences from computed tomography for assessment of peat preservation, compaction, and impacts on sea-level reconstructions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2018

Marguerite A. Toscano ,
Juan L. Gonzalez  and
Kevin R.T. Whelan
Marguerite A. Toscano*
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA
Juan L. Gonzalez
Affiliation:
School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA
Kevin R.T. Whelan
Affiliation:
National Park Service, South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network, 18001 Old Cutler Road, Suite 419, Miami, Florida 33157, USA
*
*Corresponding author at: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA. E-mail address: toscanom@si.edu (M.A. Toscano).
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Abstract

Oceanic mangroves accumulate peat with sea-level rise without terrestrial sediment inputs, but fossil peat’s elevation as a tide-range limited sea-level indicator is assumed to be affected by compaction. Despite assumption of decomposition, compression, and dewatering, pure Rhizophora mangle peat appears coarse, water-saturated, and loose even at depth. Calibrated peat densities from computed tomography (CT) and petrologic analysis allow quantitative assessment of compaction in continuous peats from Florida (6 m thick), Belize (12 m thick), and Panama (3.5 m thick). Pure peat exhibits voids at all depths and >80% water contents. CT density does not increase with depth; bulk densities are low, minimally variable, and trend-free. Higher CT-density intervals coincide with compositional changes (sediment, coral). CT of peat buried under sediment shows a shift to higher densities. CT of air-dried continuous peat shows uncompressed fine and coarse roots and voids, with negative densities indicative of air in place of interstitial water. Peat’s high water content and hydraulic conductivity prevent dewatering and compaction, hypothetically maintaining original sea-level indicative elevations at intermediate depths. Non-compacted, sediment-free, offshore peats can provide a continuous proxy for reconstructing the record of sea-level rise at any site, if depositional, disturbance, and geochemical and biotic processes affecting 14C ages are also assessed.

Keywords

Mangrove peatHolocene sea-level proxyComputed TomographyCompactionHydraulic conductivity
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 89 , Issue 1: Tribute to Daniel Livingstone and Paul Colinvaux , January 2018 , pp. 201 - 222
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2018 

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