Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T12:19:08.042Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Key factors affecting the quality of maritime education and training: empirical evidence from China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2021

Junzhong Bao ,
Yan Li ,
Zunlei Duan ,
Tingting Li  and
Pengfei Zhang Open the ORCID record for Pengfei Zhang [Opens in a new window]
Junzhong Bao
Affiliation:
Marine College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Yan Li
Affiliation:
Foreign Language College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Zunlei Duan
Affiliation:
Center of Academic journals, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Tingting Li
Affiliation:
Public Administration and Humanities College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Pengfei Zhang*
Affiliation:
Law School, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: shippinglaw@163.com.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Recently, the quality of Maritime Education and Training (MET) has drawn more attention from employers of the shipping industry, because incompetent officers have frequently contributed to ship accidents. The authors intend to explore answers to three questions: (1) Is the quality of Chinese MET satisfactory to the maritime stakeholders? (2) What are the major factors affecting the quality of cadet training? (3) Are there feasible solutions to improve the quality of MET? The authors take China, a major seafarers supplying country, as empirical evidence to disclose the causes of the problems. By an exploratory factor analysis technique, this paper presents the findings of semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys and identifies four principal factors affecting the quality of MET in China. Shortage of skillful instructors, lack of onboard training, over-reliance on theoretical teaching, and limited funding sources are prominent factors in this context. Practical solutions are proposed for the purpose of improving the overall competence of Chinese cadets expected to become the dynamic workforce for the global shipping industry.

Keywords

seafarersmaritime education and trainingquality management systemonboard training
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , March 2021 , pp. 396 - 408
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) and International Maritime Council (ICS). (2015). Manpower 2015 Update: The Worldwide Demand for and Supply of Seafarers. London, UK: BIMCO/ISF.Google Scholar
Bao, J. and Xu, M. (2008). Examining and promoting chinese seafarer education and training. International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 2(1), 105–109.Google Scholar
China Maritime Safety Administration (CMSA) (2018). Report on the Investigation of the Collision Between M.T. SANCHI and M.V. CF CRYSTAL in East China Sea on 6 January 2018. Beijing: CMSA.Google Scholar
China Maritime Safety Administration (CMSA) (2019). Notice of Conducting Exams for Maritime Education and Training Instructors in 2019. Available at: https://www.msa.gov.cn/html/xinxichaxungongkai/gkml/cygl/tzggcygl/20190322/B98F49F7-6CD0-4016-96EC-7BF99852D5B6.html [Accessed 02 Dec. 2019].Google Scholar
China Ministry of Education (CMOE). (2004). Minimum Standards for Running Higher Education Institutions (Interim). Beijing: CMOE.Google Scholar
China Ministry of Education (CMOE) and China Ministry of Transport (CMOT). (2012). Directive on Further Improving the Quality of Maritime Education. Beijing: CMOE and CMOT.Google Scholar
China Ministry of Education (CMOE) and China Ministry of Transport (CMOT). (2016). Directive on Accelerating the Development of Modern Transportation Vocational Education. Beijing: CMOE and CMOT.Google Scholar
China Ministry of Transport (CMOT). (2013). Seafarer Training Management Regulations of the People's Republic of China. Beijing: CMOT.Google Scholar
China Ministry of Transport (CMOT). (2019). Annual Report on Chinese Seafarers Information 2018. Beijing: CMOT.Google Scholar
Davy, J. and Noh, C. (2011). A study on educations role in establishing strategies for improving safety at Sea. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 27(3), 483–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drewry Shipping Consultants (Drewry). (2014). Manning Report 2014. London: Drewry.Google Scholar
European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). (2012). Report on the inspection of the Maritime Education, Training & Certification System in The People's Republic of China in accordance with the STCW Convention.Google Scholar
Exarchopoulos, G., Zhang, P., Pryce-Roberts, N. and Zhao, M. (2018). Seafarers’ welfare: A critical review of the related legal issues under the Maritime Labour Convention 2006. Marine Policy, 93, 62–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, L., Fei, J., Schriever, U. and Fan, S. (2018). An empirical study on the communicative competence of Chinese seafarers. Marine Policy, 87, 65–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guan, C. (2019). On conducting on-board training under the new situation. China Water Transport, 19(01), 50–51.Google Scholar
Hong, S. (2014). Compilation of teaching plans of maritime majors in Dalian Maritime University (1949–2009). Maritime Education Research, 31(04), 92–116.Google Scholar
International Business Machines (IBM). (2019). IBM Knowledge Center. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSLVMB_23.0.0/spss/tutorials/fac_cars_tve.html [Accessed 02 Dec. 2019].Google Scholar
International Maritime Organization (IMO). (1997). IMO Workshop Material on Implementation of the Revised STCW Convention. London: IMO.Google Scholar
International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2010). International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. London: IMO.Google Scholar
International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2018a). ROLE OF THE HUMAN ELEMENT: Quality of Onboard Training (OBT): First Certificate of Competency (FCoC) (HTW5/INF.5). Submitted by the International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU).Google Scholar
International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2018b). HUMAN ELEMENT, TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING: Mandatory seagoing service for candidates for certification under the STCW Convention, 1978, as amended (MSC 100/10/4). Submitted by Mexico.Google Scholar
International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2019a). ANY OTHER BUSINESS Comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and Code (HTW 6/12/3), Submitted by ICS. London: IMO.Google Scholar
International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2019b). ANY OTHER BUSINESS: Comments on Document HTW 6/12/3 (HTW6/12/5), Submitted by IAMU. London: IMO.Google Scholar
Liu, Z. (2013). Grasping the new development opportunities of maritime education and improving the quality of maritime talents training. Maritime Education Research, 30(03), 7–12.Google Scholar
Liu, Z., Wu, Z. and Dong, F. (2002). On the categorization and construction of maritime majors and disciplines. Maritime Education Research. 19(4), 1–5.Google Scholar
Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA). (2017). Update on Initiatives to Promote Seafaring Careers: Skills future Earn and Learn Programme for Seafaring. Singapore: MPA.Google Scholar
Morrison, W. (1998). Competent Crews = Safer Ships: An Aid to Understanding STCW 95. Malmo, Sweden: WMU Publications.Google Scholar
Nazir, S., Øvergård, K. and Yang, Z. (2015). Towards effective training for process and maritime industries. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 1519–1526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ng, J. and Yip, T. (2009). Maritime Education in a Transdisciplinary World: The Case of Hong Kong. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 25(1), 69–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, T., Ghaderi, H., Caesar, L. and Cahoon, S. (2014). Current challenges in the recruitment and retention of seafarers: an industry perspective from Vietnam. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 30(2), 217–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 37(6), 597–598.Google Scholar
Parson, L., Childs, B. and Elzie, P. (2018). Using competency-based curriculum design to create a health professions education certificate program the meets the needs of students, administrators. Faculty, and Patients. Health Professions Education, 4(3), 207–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanghai Maritime Safety Administration (SMSA). (2014). Report on Seafarer Training Instructor. Shanghai: SMSA.Google Scholar
UK Department for Transport (UK DOT). (2015). Maritime Growth Study: Keeping the UK Competitive in a Global Market. London: UK DOT.Google Scholar
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2018). Review of Maritime Transport 2017. Geneva: UNCTAD.Google Scholar
Wang, Y. and Yeo, G. (2016). The selection of a Foreign Seafarer Supply Country for Korean Flag Vessels. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 32(4), 221–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Z. (1996). Comprehensive review of STCW convention and reform of maritime education. Maritime Education Research, 13(1), 3-8+12.Google Scholar
Xu, Z., Zuo, J. and Hu, X. (2011). Discipline-centered curriculum: connotation, theoretical hypothesis and organization mode. Education and Teaching Research, 25(11), 44–47.Google Scholar
Yu, J. (2014). Problems in the cultivation of teaching staff in maritime higher vocational colleges and countermeasures. Maritime Education Research, 31(02), 1–4.Google Scholar
Yu, J., Gao, X., Liu, W., Liu, J. and Zhang, D. (2016). Problems regarding training for maritime education and training instructors and countermeasures in China. Maritime Education Research, 33(04), 31–35.Google Scholar
Zhang, P. (2016). Seafarers’ Rights in China: Restructuring in Legislation and Practice Under the Maritime Labour Convention 2006. Springer, Switzerland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, P. and Zhao, M. (2014). Maritime labour policy in China: Restructuring under the ILO's Maritime Labour Convention 2006. Marine Policy, 50, 111–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, X. (1997). Hot issues about reform of higher maritime education mode. Maritime Education Research, 14(2), 20-24+1.Google Scholar
Zhu, M., Zhang, J. and Bao, S. (2011). Research on the cultivation of logistics engineering application talents by the diversification school-enterprise cooperation. Procedia Engineering, 15, 4173–4177.Google Scholar