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³ Vernon, Raymond, Sovereignty at Bay: The Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises (New York: Basic Books, 1971)Google Scholar. An earlier formulation of the idea of certain patterns or cycles in the development of industries can be found in Hoffmann, Walther G., The Growth of Industrial Economies, translated by Henderson, W. O. and Chaloner, W. H. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1958).Google Scholar

⁴ Robert, Gilpin, U.S. Power and the Multinational Corporation: The Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment (New York: Basic Books, 1975).Google Scholar

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⁷ Quoted in Artz, Frederick B., op. cit., pp. 85–86.Google Scholar

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¹² The economic basis of the contrast between Britain and Prussia is one theme discussed in Moore, Barrington Jr., Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966).Google Scholar

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¹⁷ Quoted in Edwardes, Michael, The Last Years of British India (Cleveland: World Publishing, 1963), p. 234.Google Scholar

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²⁴ See, for example, Gerschenkron, op. cit., and Cameron, op. cit., chapter IV. A useful and detailed discussion of the relationships between economics and politics in Germany under Bis marck is presented by Stern, Fritz, Gold and Iron: Bismarck, Bleichröder, and the Building of the German Empire (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977).Google Scholar

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²⁷ See the comparison between Britain and America drawn by Robert Gilpin, op. cit.

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²⁹ Rostow, W. W., British Economy in the 19th Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948), p. 88. (Rostow originally developed his argument in 1938.)Google Scholar

³⁰ The connections between the end of railroad expansion and the beginning of the Great Depression are also discussed in Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire. An excellent comparative analysis of the politics of the Great Depression is Gourevitch, Peter Alexis, “International Trade, Domestic Coalitions, and Liberty: Comparative Responses to the Crisis of 1873–1896,” The Journal of Inter-Disciplinary History, VIII (Autumn, 1977): 281–313Google Scholar. An earlier classic account is Hans Rosenberg, “Political and Social Consequences of the Great Depression of 1873–1896 in Central Europe,” Economic History Review, XIII (1943): 58–73.Google Scholar

³¹ Various aspects of imperialism are analyzed in Roger Owen and Bob Sutcliffe, editors, Studies in the Theory of Imperialism (London: Longman, 1972)Google Scholar.

³² Quoted in Carr, J. C. and Taplin, W., History of the British Steel Industry (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1962), p. 39.Google Scholar

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³⁵ Data on the naval budgets of Britain and other European powers are given in Moll, Kendall D., The Influence of History Upon Seapower, 1865–1914 (Menlo Park, California: Stanford Research Institute, 1969).Google Scholar

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⁴⁶ The politics of the German chemical and electrical industries during the 1920s are discussed by Maier, op. cit., and Abraham, op. cit.

⁴⁷ Howard, op. cit.; Borkin, op. cit., chapter 2.

⁴⁸ Abraham, op. cit., presents a thorough and sophisticated demonstration of this argument.

⁴⁹ Borkin, op. cit., chapter 3.

⁵⁰ Abraham, op. cit.; Borkin, op. cit., chapter 3. On the industrial role in the 1932 elections, also see Bullock, Alan, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, revised edition (New York: Harper and Row, 1964)Google Scholar. An earlier, classic account of the relations between industry and the Nazis is Franz Neu mann, Behemoth: The Structure and Process of National Socialism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1942).Google Scholar

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