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Integrated Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control Using Imazapic, Aphthona spp. Biological Control Agents, and Seeded Native Grasses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Laurie A. Richardson ,
Chelsea J. Juricek ,
Rodney G. Lym ,
Donald R. Kirby  and
Dwight A. Tober
Laurie A. Richardson
Affiliation:
National Park Service, Theodore Roosevelt National Park, P.O. Box 7, Medora, ND 58645
Chelsea J. Juricek
Affiliation:
Kansas Department of Agriculture–Water Resources Division, Garden City, KS 67846
Rodney G. Lym*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
Donald R. Kirby
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Range Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
Dwight A. Tober
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture National Resource Conservation Service, P.O. Box 1458, Bismarck, ND 58504
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Rod.Lym@ndsu.edu
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Abstract

Chemical, cultural, and biological methods have been developed to control leafy spurge in a variety of environments. Aphthona spp. biological control agents have established throughout the northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain region and successfully controlled leafy spurge in many areas, but notable exceptions include areas with sandy soils. Leafy spurge control can be improved by combining methods such as chemical, biological, or cultural treatments, compared to a single method used alone. The effects of Aphthona spp., imazapic herbicide, and interseeded native grass species alone or in combination for leafy spurge control were evaluated at two locations in southeastern North Dakota for 5 yr. Both the Sheyenne National Grassland (SNG) and Walcott, ND, study locations had greater than 80% sand soil. Leafy spurge stem density, canopy cover, and yield were reduced for 1 to 2 yr in all treatments that included imazapic, with no difference in control between single and combination treatments. Aphthona spp. and interseeded native grasses alone or combined did not reduce leafy spurge density or cover. Aphthona spp. population remained low throughout the study at both locations. Forb yield increased during the study at the SNG but not the Walcott location. Conversely, warm-season grass yield increased at Walcott but not at the SNG. Leafy spurge stem density declined from 92 to 50 stems/m2 in 5 yr at the SNG site. The decline could not be attributed to specific treatments applied in this study and may be due to self-limitation or soil pathogens.

Keywords

Imazapicleafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. EPHESBiological weed controlintegrated pest managementinvasive weedinterseedingflea beetle
Type
Research Articles
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 1 , Issue 3 , July 2008 , pp. 255 - 264
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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