Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T08:54:31.278Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reconciling Appraisal Love and Bestowal Love

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2017

DWAYNE MOORE
DWAYNE MOORE*
Affiliation:
University of Saskatchewan
*
*<dwayne.moore@usask.ca>
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The appraisal model of love is object-centred and reasons-based: love is based on reasons derived from the valuable properties of the beloved. The bestowal model of love is subject-centred and non-reasons-based: love is not based on reasons derived from the valuable properties of the beloved, but rather originates in the lover. In this paper, I blend these disparate models, with the aim of preserving their virtues and overcoming their difficulties. I propose a subject-centred, reasons-based account: love arises within the lover, but, within the lover, love is based on the lover’s motivating reasons.

Le modèle évaluatif de l’amour est centré sur l’objet et basé sur les raisons : l’amour se fonde sur des raisons dérivées des propriétés appréciables de l’aimé. Le modèle attributif de l’amour est axé sur le sujet et non fondé sur les raisons : l’amour n’est pas basé sur des raisons dérivées des propriétés appréciables de l’aimé, mais provient plutôt de l’amant. Dans cet article, je mélange ces modèles opposés dans le but de préserver leurs vertus et de surmonter leurs difficultés. Je propose un compte rendu de l’amour basé sur des motifs et axé sur le sujet : l’amour éclot chez l’amant mais, en lui, il repose sur les raisons qui motivent l’amant.

Keywords

loveappraisalbestowalno reasonsjustifying reasonsmotivating reasons
Type
Original Article/Article original
Information
Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review / Revue canadienne de philosophie , Volume 57 , Issue 1 , March 2018 , pp. 67 - 92
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Philosophical Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramson, K., and Leite, A. 2011 “Love as a Reactive Emotion.” Philosophical Quarterly 61 (245): 673–699.Google Scholar
Adams, R. 1999 Finite and Infinite Goods. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Allen, W. 1983 Without Feathers. New York: Ballantine.Google Scholar
Arnold, M.B. 1960 Emotion and Personality: Vol. 1, Psychological Aspects. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Bagley, B. 2015 “Loving Someone in Particular.” Ethics 12 (52): 477–507.Google Scholar
Bhadwar, N. 2005 “Love.” In Oxford Handbook of Practical Ethics, edited by LaFollette, H.. New York: Oxford University Press: 43–70.Google Scholar
Brentlinger, J. 1989 “The Nature of Love.” In Eros, Agape and Philia, edited by Soble, A.. St. Paul: Paragon House: 136–148.Google Scholar
Brogaard, B. 2015 On Romantic Love: Simple Truths about a Complex Emotion. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, J. 2012 Love and Other Emotions. On the Process of Feeling. London: Karnac Books.Google Scholar
Brown, R. 1987 Analyzing Love. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, D.M. et al. 1990 “International Preferences in Selecting Mates: A Study of 37 Cultures.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 21 (1): 5–47.Google Scholar
Crisp, R. 2006 Reasons and the Good (Vol. 57). Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Dancy, J. 2000 Practical Reality. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Davidson, D. 1963 “Actions, Reasons, and Causes.” The Journal of Philosophy 60 (23): 685–700.Google Scholar
Delaney, N. 1996 “Romantic Love and Loving Commitment: Articulating a Modern Ideal.” American Philosophical Quarterly 33 (4): 339–356.Google Scholar
Deonna, J.A., and Scherer, K.R. 2010 “The Case of the Disappearing Intentional Object: Constraints on a Definition of Emotion.” Emotion Review 2 (1): 44–52.Google Scholar
De Sousa, R. 2015 Love: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dixon, N. 2007 “Romantic Love, Appraisal, and Commitment.” Philosophical Forum 38 (4): 373–386.Google Scholar
Donne, J. 2000 The Variorum Edition of the Poetry of John Donne: The Elegies. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Edyvane, D. 2003 “Against Unconditional Love.” Journal of Applied Philosophy 20 (1): 59–75.Google Scholar
Ellsworth, P. 2013 “Appraisal Theory: Old and New Questions.” Emotion Review 5 (2): 125–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellsworth, P., and Scherer, K. 2003 “Appraisal Processes in Emotion” In Handbook of Affective Sciences, edited by Davidson, R., Scherer, K., and Goldsmith, H.. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 572–595.Google Scholar
Fehr, B., and Russell, J. 1984 “Concept of Emotion Viewed from a Prototype Perspective.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 113 (3): 464–486.Google Scholar
Foster, G. 2009 “Bestowal Without Appraisal: Problems in Frankfurt’s Characterization of Love and Personal Identity.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 12 (2): 153–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, G. 2011 “Overcoming a Euthyphro Problem in Personal Love: Imagination and Personal Identity.” Philosophical Psychology 24 (6): 825–844.Google Scholar
Frankfurt, H. 1998 “Duty and Love.” Philosophical Explorations 1 (1): 4–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankfurt, H. 1999 Necessity, Volition, and Love. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Frankfurt, H. 2004 The Reasons of Love. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Frankfurt, H. 2006 Taking Ourselves Seriously & Getting It Right. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hales, S. 1995 “The Impossibility of Unconditional Love.” Public Affairs Quarterly 9 (4): 317–320.Google Scholar
Hamlyn, D. 1978 “The Phenomena of Love and Hate.” Philosophy 53 (203): 5–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helm, B. 2009 “Love, Identification, and the Emotions.” American Philosophical Quarterly 46 (1): 39–59.Google Scholar
Jacobson, H. 2016 “Against Strong Cognitivism: An Argument from the Particularity of Love.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 92 (3): 563–596.Google Scholar
Johnson, R. 2001 Three Faces of Love. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Jollimore, T. 2011 Love’s Vision. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Jollimore, T. 2017 “Love: The Vision View.” In Love, Reason and Morality, edited by Kroeker, E. and Schaubroeck, K., , K. New York: Routledge: 1–19.Google Scholar
Keller, S. 2000 “How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Properties.” American Philosophical Quarterly 37 (2): 163–173.Google Scholar
Kolodny, N. 2003 “Love as Valuing a Relationship.” Philosophical Review 112 (2): 135–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraut, R. 1987 “Love De Re.” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 10 (1): 413–430.Google Scholar
Lamy, L. 2016 “Beyond Emotion.” Emotion Review 8 (2): 97–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R. 2001 “Relational Meaning and Discrete Emotions, in Appraisal Processes.” In Emotion, edited by Scherer, K., Schorr, A., and Johnstone, T.. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 37–67.Google Scholar
López, R. 2016 “In Defense of Trait-Based Love.” European Journal of Philosophy. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejop.12194/full.Google Scholar
Lyons, W. 1980 Emotion (Vol. 45). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Matthes, E. 2016 “Love in Spite of.” In Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics 6, edited by Timmons, Mark. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 241–262.Google Scholar
Mendus, S. 1989 “Marital Faithfulness.” In Eros, Agape and Philia: Readings in the Philosophy of Love, edited by Soble, A.. New York: Paragon House: 243–252.Google Scholar
Moors, A., Ellsworth, P., Scherer, K., and Frijda, N.. 2013 “Appraisal Theories of Emotion: State of the Art and Future Development.” Emotion Review 5 (2): 119–124.Google Scholar
Naar, H. 2017 “Subject-Relative Reasons for Love.” Ratio 29 (4): 197–214.Google Scholar
Nozick, R. 1989 The Examined Life Philosophical Meditations. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Pitcher, G. 1965 “Emotion.” Mind 74 (295): 326–346.Google Scholar
Price, C. 2012 “What is the Point of Love?” International Journal of Philosophical Studies 20 (2): 217–237.Google Scholar
Protasi, S. 2016 “Loving People for Who They Are (Even When They Don’t Love You Back).” European Journal of Philosophy 24 (1): 214–234.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1975 Practical Reasoning and Norms. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Scavone, A. 2016 “On Understanding Love.” Philosophical Inquiries 4 (2): 105–121.Google Scholar
Schaubroeck, K. 2014 “Loving the Lovable.” In Love and its Objects. What Can We Care For?, edited by Maurer, C., Milligan, T., and Pacovská, K.. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 108–124.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, W. 2006 The Sonnets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, W. 1891 A Midsummer Night’s Dream. London: MacMillan and Co.Google Scholar
Shand, J. 2011 “Love As If.” Essays in Philosophy 12 (1): 4–17.Google Scholar
Singer, I. 1966 The Nature of Love. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Smuts, A. Manuscript In Defense of the No-Reasons View of Love.Google Scholar
Smuts, A. 2014a “Normative Reasons for Love, Part I.” Philosophy Compass 9 (8): 507–517.Google Scholar
Smuts, A. 2014b “Normative Reasons for Love, Part II.” Philosophy Compass 9 (8): 518–526.Google Scholar
Soble, A. 1989 “Analyzing Love.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 19 (4): 493–500.Google Scholar
Soble, A. 1990 The Structure of Love. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Soble, A. 2000 “The Coherence of Love.” Philosophy and Theology 12 (2): 293–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soble, A. 2015 “Love and Value Yet Again.” In Love, Reason, and Will: Kierkegaard After Frankfurt, edited by Rudd, A. and Davenport, J.. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing: 25–46.Google Scholar
Solomon, R. 2002 “Reasons for Love.” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 32 (1): 1–28.Google Scholar
Solomon, R. 2007 True to Our Feelings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, G. 1975 “Love.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 76: 147–164.Google Scholar
Velleman, J. 1999 “Love as a Moral Emotion.” Ethics 109 (2): 338–374.Google Scholar
Velleman, J. 2008 “Beyond Price.” Ethics 118 (2): 191–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, J. 1995 Love between Equals: A Philosophical Study of Love and Sexual Relationships. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Zangwill, N. 2013 “Love: gloriously amoral and arational.” Philosophical Explorations 16 (3): 298–314.Google Scholar