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Spread and global population structure of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its larval parasitoids Diadegma semiclausum and Diadegma fenestrale (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) based on mtDNA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2016

I. Juric ,
W. Salzburger  and
O. Balmer
I. Juric
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 21, 5070 Frick, Switzerland Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
W. Salzburger
Affiliation:
Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
O. Balmer*
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 21, 5070 Frick, Switzerland Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
*
*Authors for correspondence Phone: +41 61 421 15 04 Fax: +41 61 284 81 01 E-mail: oliver.balmer@aya.yale.edu
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Abstract

The diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella) is one of the main pests of brassicaceous crops worldwide and shows resistance against a wide range of synthetic insecticides incurring millions of dollars in control costs every year. The DBM is a prime example of the introduction of an exotic species as a consequence of globalization. In this study we analyzed the genetic population structure of the DBM and two of its parasitic wasps, Diadegma semiclausum and Diadegma fenestrale, based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. We analyzed DBM samples from 13 regions worldwide (n = 278), and samples of the two wasp species from six European and African countries (n = 131), in an attempt to reconstruct the geographic origin and phylogeography of the DBM and its two parasitic wasps. We found high variability in COI sequences in the diamondback moth. Haplotype analysis showed three distinct genetic clusters, one of which could represent a cryptic species. Mismatch analysis confirmed the hypothesized recent spread of diamondback moths in North America, Australia and New Zealand. The highest genetic variability was found in African DBM samples. Our data corroborate prior claims of Africa as the most probable origin of the species but cannot preclude Asia as an alternative. No genetic variability was found in the two Diadegma species. The lack of variability in both wasp species suggests a very recent spread of bottlenecked populations, possibly facilitated by their use as biocontrol agents. Our data thus also contain no signals of host-parasitoid co-evolution.

Keywords

Cabbage pestparasitic waspCOIbiocontrolbiological controlprimers
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 107 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 155 - 164
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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