Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T19:37:54.263Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Triacylglycerol stereospecific analysis and linear discriminant analysis for milk speciation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2012

Francesca Blasi ,
Germana Lombardi ,
Pietro Damiani ,
Maria Stella Simonetti ,
Laura Giua  and
Lina Cossignani
Francesca Blasi
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Chimica Bromatologica, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Nutrizione, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
Germana Lombardi
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Chimica Bromatologica, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Nutrizione, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
Pietro Damiani
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Chimica Bromatologica, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Nutrizione, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
Maria Stella Simonetti
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Chimica Bromatologica, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Nutrizione, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
Laura Giua
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Chimica Bromatologica, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Nutrizione, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
Lina Cossignani*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Chimica Bromatologica, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Nutrizione, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: coslina@unipg.it
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Product authenticity is an important topic in dairy sector. Dairy products sold for public consumption must be accurately labelled in accordance with the contained milk species. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), a common chemometric procedure, has been applied to fatty acid% composition to classify pure milk samples (cow, ewe, buffalo, donkey, goat). All original grouped cases were correctly classified, while 90% of cross-validated grouped cases were correctly classified. Another objective of this research was the characterisation of cow-ewe milk mixtures in order to reveal a common fraud in dairy field, that is the addition of cow to ewe milk. Stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG), a method based on chemical–enzymatic procedures coupled with chromatographic techniques, has been carried out to detect fraudulent milk additions, in particular 1, 3, 5% cow milk added to ewe milk. When only TAG composition data were used for the elaboration, 75% of original grouped cases were correctly classified, while totally correct classified samples were obtained when both total and intrapositional TAG data were used. Also the results of cross validation were better when TAG stereospecific analysis data were considered as LDA variables. In particular, 100% of cross-validated grouped cases were obtained when 5% cow milk mixtures were considered.

Keywords

Milkcowewebuffalodonkeygoatcow–ewe mixturestriacylglycerol stereospecific analysislinear discriminant analysis
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 80 , Issue 2 , May 2013 , pp. 144 - 151
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreotti, G, Trivellone, E, Lamanna, R, Di Luccia, A & Motta, A 2000 Milk identification of different species: 13C-NMR spectroscopy of triacylglycerols from cows and buffaloes' milks. Journal of Dairy Science 83 2432–2437Google Scholar
Blasi, F, Montesano, D, De Angelis, M, Maurizi, A, Ventura, F, Cossignani, L, Simonetti, MS & Damiani, P 2008 Results of stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerol fraction from donkey, cow, ewe, goat and buffalo milk. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 21 1–7Google Scholar
Bottero, MT, Civera, T, Numera, D, Rosati, S, Sacchi, P & Turi, RM 2003 A multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the identification of cows', goats' and sheep's milk in dairy products. International Dairy Journal 13 277–282Google Scholar
Brescia, MA, Mazzilli, V, Sgaramella, A, Ghelli, S, Fanizzi, FP & Sacco, A 2004 1H NMR characterization of milk lipids: A comparison between cow and buffalo milk. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 81 431–436Google Scholar
Brindley, DN 1984. Fats in Animal Nutrition (Ed. Wiseman, J). London: ButterworthsGoogle Scholar
Christie, WW 2003. Lipid Analysis, 3rd edition. Bridgwater: The Oily PressGoogle Scholar
Christie, WW, Nlkolova-Damyanova, B, Laakso, P & Herslof, B 1993 Stereospecific analysis of triacyl-sn-glycerols via resolution of diastereomeric diacylglycerol derivatives by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography on silica. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 68 695–701Google Scholar
Cossignani, L, Blasi, F, Bosi, A, D'Arco, G, Maurelli, S, Simonetti, MS & Damani, P 2011 Detection of cow milk in donkey milk by chemometric procedures on triacylglycerol stereospecific analysis results. Journal of Dairy Research 78 335–342Google Scholar
Costa, N, Ravasco, F, Miranda, R, Duthoit, M & Roserio, LB 2008 Evaluation of a commercial ELISA method for the quantitative detection of goat and cow milk in ewe milk and cheese. Small Ruminant Research 79 73–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De, S, Brahma, B, Polley, S, Mukherjee, A, Banerjee, D, Gohaina, M, Singh, KP, Singh, R, Datta, TK & Goswami, SL 2011 Simplex and duplex PCR assays for species specific identification of cattle and buffalo milk and cheese. Food Control 22 690–696CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Communities 2001 Reference method for the detection of foreign fat in milk fat by gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides, Commission of the European Communities, no. 2684/94 (Annex XXV). Official Journal L37, 86–98Google Scholar
Fontecha, J, Mayo, I, Toledano, G & Juárez, M 2006 Triacylglycerol composition of protected designation of origin cheeses during ripening. Authenticity of milk fat. Journal of Dairy Science 89 882–887Google Scholar
Goudjil, H, Fontecha, J, Fraga, J & Juárez, M 2003 TAG composition of ewe's milk fat detection of foreign fats. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 80 219–222Google Scholar
Itabashi, Y, Myher, JJ & Kuksis, A 1993 Determination of positional distribution of short-chain fatty acids in bovine milk fat on chiral columns. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 70 1177–1181Google Scholar
Kanwal, R, Ahmed, T & Mirza, B 2004 Comparative analysis of quality of milk collected from buffalo, cow, goat and sheep of Rawalpindi/Islamabad region in Pakistan. Asian Journal of Plant Science 3 300–305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karoui, R & De Baerdemaeker, J 2006 A review of the analytical methods coupled with chemometric tools for the determination of the quality and identity of dairy products. Food Chemistry 102 621–640Google Scholar
Molkentin, J & Precht, D 1997 Representative determination of the butyric acid content in European milk fat. Milchwissenschaft 52 82–85Google Scholar
Park, YW, Juárez, M, Ramos, M & Haenlein, GFW 2007 Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Research 68 88–113Google Scholar
Parodi, PW 1983 Positional distribution of fatty acids in the triglyceride classes of milk fat. Journal of Dairy Research 49 73–80Google Scholar
Pesic, MB, Barac, MB, Vrvic, M, Ristic, N, Macej, O & Stanojevic, S 2011 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of bovine milk adulteration in caprine and ovine milks using native-PAGE. Food Chemistry 125 1443–1449Google Scholar
Rodríguez, N, Ortiz, MC, Sarabia, L & Gredilla, E 2010 Analysis of protein chromatographic profiles joint to partial least squares to detect adulterations in milk mixtures and cheeses. Talanta 81 255–264CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed