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Improvements in the Conductivity of n-type ZnO Through Codoping with Al and In

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Steven Kirby  and
R. B. van Dover
Steven Kirby
Affiliation:
sdk32@cornell.edu, Cornell University, Materials Science and Engineering, 214 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States, 607-255-3615, 607-255-2365
R. B. van Dover
Affiliation:
rbv2@cornell.edu, Cornell Univerity, Materials Science and Engineering, 214 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
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Abstract

ZnO has been identified as a viable candidate to replace expensive Sn doped In2O3 due to its high transparency and good conductivity. ZnO has been doped with many elements including Al and In to achieve conductivities near 104 Ω−1cm−1. One of the limiting factors in improving the conductivity beyond this is the limited solubility of these dopants in ZnO. The effect of codoping ZnO with both Al and In has been studied using a combinatorial technique. Cosputtering from three elemental targets in the presence of oxygen allowed for a range of ZnO(Al, In) compositions to be deposited on a single substrate. A deposition temperature of 250°XC was used. The films were analyzed using x-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, four-point resistivity measurements, Hall measurements, and reflection and transmission spectroscopy at optical wavelengths. Films that were codoped with both Al and In were found to have a significantly improved conductivity compared to singly doped samples, resulting mainly from an increase in mobility. This has been attributed to improved atomic structure of the codoped film. Al3+ has an ionic radius smaller than that of Zn2+ while In3+ has a larger radius; it is speculated that codoping compensates for these differences, reducing stress fields. The lattice parameter of the codoped film reflects this compensation effect.

Keywords

transparent conductordopantelectrical properties
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1035: Symposium L – Zinc Oxide and Related Materials–2007 , 2007 , 1035-L03-02
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

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