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Archbishop Secker as a Physician

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

John R. Guy*
Affiliation:
Marsh-Jackson Postgraduate Medical Centre, Yeovil, Somerset

Extract

Eighteenth-Century Europe is remarkable for the number of medically qualified men whose fame rests not on medicine, but on their achievements in other fields. The poets Oliver Goldsmith in England and Johann Schiller in Germany come to mind, as do the author Tobias Smollett and the French political activist Jean Marat. Another is the subject of this paper, Thomas Seeker, who in later life was successively bishop of Bristol, Oxford, and archbishop of Canterbury.

Seeker’s undoubted pastoral sensitivity was reflected in his sermons and in the visitation charges which Richard Watson said deserved ‘as much attention as the best’ of those published in the eighteenth century. This, coupled with his own reticence, has tended to overshadow, if not totally eclipse, his earlier years of training as a physician, and his contribution to medicine. His biographer, Beilby Porteus, said of him ‘he chose always rather to talk of things than persons; was very sparing in giving his opinion of characters... Of his own good deeds or great attainments he never spoke, nor loved to hear others speak’.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1982

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References

1 Watson, Richard, A Collection of Theological Tracts in Six Volumes (vol. 6, 2nd. ed. London 1791)Google Scholar Contents page.

2 Porteus, [Beilby], A Review [of the life and character of Thomas Secker, late Lord Archbishop of Canterbury] prefixed to his ‘Works’ (Vol.1 new ed. London 1811) p lxi.Google Scholar

3 References are to the 1811 edition, The ‘Works’ were first published in 1775.

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7 References are to a transcript of Seeker’s ‘Autobiography’ in Lambeth Palace Library, Lambeth MS. 1729.

8 Ibid fol 186.

9 Hamilton, [Bernice], ‘The Medical Professions [in the Eighteenth CenturyEcHR (Second Series vol. 4 no. 2 1951)] pp 1423 Google Scholar.

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11 Lambeth MS. 1729 fol 189.

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14 A Syllabus or index of the anatomical pans of the human body in thirty-five lectures for use in the anatomical theatre (London 1711). It served as the basis for Cheseldcn’s lectures for twenty years; Cope, Cheselden p 4.

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17 Lambeth MS. 1729 fol 189.

18 Hamilton, ‘Medical Professions’ pp 163-4.

19 I am grateful to Dr. T. Douglas Whittet, Junior Warden of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London, for this information.

20 Lambeth MS. 1729 fol 190.

21 Gillespie, Charles C., The Dictionary of Scientific Biography (14 vols. New York 1976)Google Scholar vol. 14 p 450. See also Maar, Vilhelm, L’autobiographie de J. B. Winslow (Paris 1912)Google Scholar; Snorrason, Egill, L’Anatomiste J-B. Winslow 1669-1760 (Copenhagen 1969)Google Scholar; and Gelfand, Toby, ‘The “Paris Manner” of dissection; student anatomical dissection in early eighteenth century ParisBulletin of the History of Medicine vol.45 (1972) pp 99130 Google Scholar.

22 Gelfand, ‘Paris Manner of dissection’ pp 123-4. The Cloître St Benoît, which was close to the Sorbonne, no longer exists.

23 ibid pl20.

24 Winslow, J-B., Exposition anatomique de la structure du corps humain (Nouvelle ed. Paris 1776) pp iiiii Google Scholar. The work was first published in 1732.

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30 I am grateful to Dr Jean Théodoridès of the Académie Internationale d’Histoire de la Médiane for his help in trying to identify Vaillant.

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34 1 am grateful to Dr. Roger Rolls for this information.

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38 Ricci, Gynaecological Surgery and Instruments p 183.

39 Lambeth MS. 1729 fol 11. The letter is both wrongly dated and ascribed.

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48 Ibid p 57.

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53 Gorter, Johannes de, De Perspiratione insensibili (Leyden 1736)Google Scholar. The work is dedicated to Boerhaave. Von Haller reprinted Seeker’s De Medicina Statica in his Disputationem Anatomicarum (Leyden 1748).

54 Lambeth MS. 1729 fol 186. For Eamcs, see the D.N.B.

55 Brown, [Theodore M.], ‘From Mechanism to Vitalism in eighteenth century English PhysiologyJournal of the History of Biology, Vol. 7 (1974) p 193 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed. For iatromechanism, see this article, pp 179-216 ; and the same author’s [‘The College of Physicians and the acceptance of] Iatromechanism in England’ Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol .44 (1970) pp 12-30; and his The Mechanical Philosophy [and the ‘Animal Oeconomy] (unpublished Princeton Univ. Ph.D. thesis, 1968) a copy of which is deposited in the library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London.

56 Brown, Mechanical Philosophy pp 192-3.

57 Brown, ‘Iatromechanism in England’.

58 Porteus, Review p viii.

59 Lambeth MS. 1719, fol 13.

60 Bodleian MS. Oxford Diocesan Papers c.653 fol 116. I am grateful to the Revd. H.A. Lloyd Jukes for drawing this to my attention, and to Mr. A.P. Jenkins for providing me with a transcript.

61 Lambeth MS. 1729 fol 236.

62 Porteus, Beilby, The Works of Thomas Secker (1811 edition) vol. 5 Sermon 10.Google Scholar

63 Ibid vol. 2, Sermons, 12, 13,14.

64 Lambeth MS. 1729 fol 191.

65 Underwood, Boerhaave’s Men, p 43.