Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T04:07:05.868Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles to lactating beef cows: impact of excess protein and fat on post-weaning progeny growth, glucose tolerance and carcass traits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2017

C. N. Shee ,
R. P. Lemenager  and
J. P. Schoonmaker
C. N. Shee
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
R. P. Lemenager
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
J. P. Schoonmaker*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
*
†E-mail: jschoonm@purdue.edu
Get access

Abstract

Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), a feed high in fat and protein, to lactating beef cows can alter milk production and composition, resulting in improved pre-weaning growth of progeny. This alteration in milk profile may consequently alter the growth and carcass composition of the offspring after weaning. Therefore, Angus×Simmental steers (n=48) whose dams were fed one of two diets supplemented with either DDGS or soybean meal (CON) from calving to mid-lactation were placed in a feedlot to determine the effects of maternal nutrition during lactation on progeny development and carcass composition. Cow–calf pairs were allotted to two treatments at birth based on cow and calf BW, breed and age. Maternal diets were isocaloric (3.97 MJ/kg NEg) and consisted of rye hay supplemented with DDGS at 1% of BW (19.4% CP; 8.76% fat) or rye hay and corn silage supplemented with CON (11.7% CP; 2.06% fat). After conclusion of the treatments at 129 days postpartum, cow–calf pairs were comingled and managed as one group until weaning at 219 days postpartum. Steers were then transitioned to a common diet composed of 60% DDGS, 34% corn silage and 6% vitamin/mineral supplement and were placed indoors in individual pens with slatted floors. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed 134 days after feedlot entry on 16 steers (CON, n=7; DDGS, n=9) to determine the effect of maternal diet on glucose and insulin sensitivity. Steers were slaughtered at a target BW of 645 kg. Categorical and continuous data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX and MIXED procedures of SAS, respectively. Steers from DDGS dams tended to be heavier on day 85 of feedlot finishing (P=0.09) compared with steers from CON dams. However, there were no differences in final weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake or efficiency (gain:feed, P⩾0.18). Maternal treatments did not affect progeny days on feed (P=0.15), despite a mean difference of 9 days in favor of DDGS. Glucose and insulin concentrations and area under the curve of progeny as measured by IVGTT were not affected by maternal diet (P⩾0.16). Maternal DDGS supplementation decreased marbling score (P=0.04), but did not influence carcass grading percentage or any other carcass characteristic (P⩾0.17).

Keywords

distillers grainsdevelopmental programmingfeedlot performanceglucose tolerancecarcass
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , April 2018 , pp. 750 - 756
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amos, HE 1986. Influence of dietary protein degradability and energy concentration on growth of heifers and steers and intraruminal protein metabolism. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 2099–2110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Brown, LD, Lassiter, CA, Everett, JP and Rust, JW 1956. The utilization of urea nitrogen by young dairy calves. Journal of Animal Science 15, 1125–1132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardoso, FC, Sears, W, LeBlanc, SJ and Drackley, JK 2011. Technical note: comparison of 3 methods for analyzing areas under the curve for glucose and nonesterified fatty acids concentrations following epinephrine challenge in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 6111–6115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, HY, Lewis, AJ, Miller, PS and Yen, JT 1999. The effect of excess protein on growth performance and protein metabolism of finishing barrows and gilts. Journal of Animal Science 77, 3238–3247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Depenbusch, BE, Coleman, CM, Higgins, JJ and Drouillard, JS 2009. Effects of increasing levels of dried distillers grains with soluble on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of yearling heifers. Journal of Animal Science 87, 2653–2663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diaz, MC, Van Amburgh, ME, Smith, JM, JKelsey, JM and Hutten, EL 2001. Composition of growth of Holstein calves fed milk replacer from birth to 105-kilogram body weight. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 830–842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, PE and Hutton, JB 1976. Effects of dietary protein and energy on the growth of Friesian bull calves. I. Food intake, growth, and protein requirements. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 19, 289–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Federation of Animal Science Societies 2010. Guide for the care and use of agricultural animals in agricultural research and teaching, 3rd edition. (Consortium for developing a guide for the care and use of agricultural animals in agricultural research and teaching. FASS, Champaign, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Ferreira, EM, Pires, AV, Susin, I, Gentil, RS, Gilaverte, S, Parente, MOM, Biehl, MV and Ribeiro, CVDM 2014. Lamb performance, milk production and composition from ewes supplemented with soybean oil partially replaced by fish oil blend. Livestock Science 163, 51–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingras, AA, White, PJ, Chouinard, PY, Julien, P, Davis, AT, Dombrowski, L, Conture, Y, Dubreuil, P, Myre, A, Bergeron, K, Marette, A and Thrivierge, MC 2007. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids regulate bovine whole-body protein metabolism by promoting muscle insulin signaling to the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 pathway and insulin sensitivity. Journal of Physiology 579, 269–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunn, PJ, Bridges, GA, Lemenager, RP and Schoonmaker, JP 2017. Feeding corn distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating beef heifers: impact of excess protein on feedlot performance, glucose tolerance, carcass characteristics, and longissimus muscle fatty acid profile of steer progeny. Animal Science Journal, doi: 10.1111/asj.12780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunn, PJ, Schoonmaker, JP, Lemenager, RP and Bridges, GA 2014. Feeding excess crude protein to gestating and lactating beef heifers: impact on parturition, milk composition, ovarian function, reproductive efficiency, and pre-weaning progeny growth. Livestock Science 167, 435–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunn, PJ, Schoonmaker, JP, Lemenager, RP and Bridges, GA 2015. Feeding distiller’s grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating beef heifers: impact on female progeny growth, puberty attainment and reproductive processes. Journal of Animal Science 93, 746–757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, TM, Aldrich, JM, Schlotterbeck, RL and Bateman, HG II 2007. Effects of changing the fat and fatty acid composition of milk replacers fed to neonatal calves. Professional Animal Scientist 23, 135–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lardy, GP and Maddock, TD 2007. Creep feeding nursing beef calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 23, 21–28.Google ScholarPubMed
Micke, GC, Sullivan, TM, Gatford, KL, Owens, JA and Perry, VE 2010. Nutrient intake in the bovine during early and mid-gestation causes sex-specific changes in progeny plasma IGF-I, liveweight, height and carcass traits. Animal Reproduction Science 121, 208–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council (NRC) 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 7th revised edition. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Paradis, C, Berthiaume, R, Lafrenière, C, Gervais, R and Chouinard, PY 2008. Conjugated linoleic acid content in adipose tissue of calves suckling beef cows on pasture and supplemented with raw or extruded soybeans. Journal of Animal Science 86, 1624–1636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pritchard, RH 1993. Bunk management. Land O’ Lakes Beef Seminar, Cedar Rapids, IA, Columbus, NE, and Storm Lake, IA, March 1–4, 4. Land O’ Lakes Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA.Google Scholar
Radunz, AE, Fluharty, FL, Relling, AE, Felix, TL, Shoup, LM, Zerby, HN and Loerch, SC 2012. Prepartum dietary energy source fed to beef cows: II. Effects on progeny postnatal growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition. Journal of Animal Science 90, 4962–4974.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radunz, AE, Fluharty, FL, Susin, I, Felix, TL, Zerby, HN and Loerch, SC 2011a. Winter-feeding systems for gestating sheep II. Effects on feedlot performance, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition of lamb progeny. Journal of Animal Science 89, 478–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radunz, AE, Fluharty, FL, Zerby, HN and Loerch, SC 2011b. Winter-feeding systems for gestating sheep I. Effects on pre- and postpartum ewe performance and lamb progeny preweaning performance. Journal of Animal Science 89, 467–477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoonmaker, JP, Trenkle, AH and Beitz, DC 2010. Effect of feeding wet distillers grains on performance, marbling deposition, and fatty acid content of beef from steers fed low- or high-forage diets. Journal of Animal Science 88, 3657–3665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoonmaker, JP, Claeys, MC and Lemenager, RP 2013. Effect of increasing distillers grains inclusion on performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned steers. Journal of Animal Science 91, 1784–1790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shee, CN, Lemenager, RP and Schoonmaker, JP 2016. Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles to lactating beef cows: impact of excess protein and fat on cow performance, milk production and pre-weaning progeny growth. Animal 10, 55–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, SB, Gill, CA, Lunt, DK and Brooks, MA 2009. Regulation of fat and fatty acid composition in beef cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 22, 1225–1233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, TB, Long, NM, Faulkner, DB and Shike, DW 2016. Influence of excessive dietary protein intake during late gestation on drylot beef cow performance and progeny growth, carcass characteristics, and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Journal of Animal Science 94, 2035–2046.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed