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Anticholinergic burden in schizophrenia and ability to benefit from psychosocial treatment programmes: a 3-year prospective cohort study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2016

K. O'Reilly ,
P. O'Connell ,
G. Donohoe ,
C. Coyle ,
D. O'Sullivan ,
Z. Azvee ,
C. Maddock ,
K. Sharma ,
H. Sadi  and
M. McMahon
...Show all authors
K. O'Reilly
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
P. O'Connell
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
G. Donohoe
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
C. Coyle
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland
D. O'Sullivan
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland
Z. Azvee
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland
C. Maddock
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland
K. Sharma
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland
H. Sadi
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland
M. McMahon
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland
H. G. Kennedy*
Affiliation:
National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
*
*Address for correspondence: Professor H. G. Kennedy, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland. (Email: kennedh@tcd.ie)
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Abstract

Background

Many medications administered to patients with schizophrenia possess anticholinergic properties. When aggregated, pharmacological treatments may result in a considerable anticholinergic burden. The extent to which anticholinergic burden has a deleterious effect on cognition and impairs ability to participate in and benefit from psychosocial treatments is unknown.

Method

Seventy patients were followed for approximately 3 years. The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) was administered at baseline. Anticholinergic burden was measured with the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale. Ability to benefit from psychosocial programmes was measured using the DUNDRUM-3 Programme Completion Scale (D-3) at baseline and follow-up. Psychiatric symptoms were measured using the PANSS. Total antipsychotic dose was measured using chlorpromazine equivalents. Functioning was measured using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS).

Results

Mediation analysis found that the influence of anticholinergic burden on ability to participate and benefit from psychosocial programmes was completely mediated by the MCCB. For every 1-unit increase on the ACB scale, change scores for DUNDRUM-3 decreased by −0.27 points. This relationship appears specific to anticholinergic burden and not total antipsychotic dose. Moreover, mediation appears to be specific to cognition and not psychopathology. Baseline functioning also acted as mediator but only when MCCB was not controlled for.

Conclusions

Anticholinergic burden has a significant impact on patients’ ability to participate in and benefit from psychosocial treatment programmes. Physicians need to be mindful of the cumulative effect that medications can have on patient cognition, functional capacity and ability to benefit from psychosocial treatments.

Keywords

Anticholinergic burdencognitionMCCBpsychosocial treatmentsschizophrenia
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 46 , Issue 15 , November 2016 , pp. 3199 - 3211
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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